American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Feb 2018
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyComparison of 2017 and 2015 Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease: Impact on Grouping and Outcomes.
The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) document has modified the grading system directing pharmacotherapy, but how this relates to the previous one from 2015 and to comorbidities, hospitalizations, and mortality risk is unknown. ⋯ Compared with 2015, the GOLD ABCD 2017 classification significantly shifts patients from grades C and D to categories A and B. The new grading system equalizes the Charlson comorbidity score in all groups and minimizes the differences in BODE between groups B and D, making the risk of death similar between them.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Feb 2018
E-Cigarette Use Causes a Unique Innate Immune Response in the Lung Involving Increased Neutrophilic Activation and Altered Mucin Secretion.
E-cigarettes have become increasingly popular and little is known about their potential adverse health effects. ⋯ Together, our results indicate that e-cigarette use alters the profile of innate defense proteins in airway secretions, inducing similar and unique changes relative to cigarette smoking. These data challenge the concept that e-cigarettes are a healthier alternative to cigarettes.