American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialTranscriptomic Signatures in Sepsis and a Differential Response to Steroids: From the VANISH Randomized Trial.
There remains uncertainty about the role of corticosteroids in sepsis with clear beneficial effects on shock duration, but conflicting survival effects. Two transcriptomic sepsis response signatures (SRSs) have been identified. SRS1 is relatively immunosuppressed, whereas SRS2 is relatively immunocompetent. ⋯ Transcriptomic profile at onset of septic shock was associated with response to corticosteroids. Those with the immunocompetent SRS2 endotype had significantly higher mortality when given corticosteroids compared with placebo. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (ISRCTN 20769191).
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialWood Smoke Exposure Alters Human Inflammatory Responses to Viral Infection in a Sex-Specific Manner: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.
Exposure to particulates from burning biomass is an increasing global health issue. Burning biomass, including wood smoke, is associated with increased lower respiratory infections. ⋯ WSP exposure resulted in minimal modification of LAIV-induced responses in aggregate analysis. In contrast, analyzing WSP-induced modification of LAIV responses in the sexes separately unmasked sex-specific differences in response to exposure. These data highlight the need for additional studies to understand sex-specific pollutant-induced effects. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02183753).