Medicina
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Review Meta Analysis
Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Immune and Inflammatory Markers in Athletes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
Background and Objectives: Probiotic supplementation can prevent and alleviate gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections in healthy individuals. Markers released from the site of inflammation are involved in the response to infection or tissue injury. Therefore, we measured the pre-exercise and postexercise levels of inflammation-related markers-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and C-reactive protein (CRP)-in probiotic versus placebo groups to investigate the effects of probiotics on these markers in athletes. ⋯ The subgroups whose blood samples were collected immediately after exercise demonstrated negative changes in their TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 levels. Conclusions: Probiotic supplementation resulted in significant positive changes in the IFN-γ and salivary IgA levels and negative changes in the IL-10 and TNF-α levels. No significant changes in the IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, or CRP levels were observed after probiotic use in athletes.
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Review Meta Analysis
Beta-Blocker Use after Discharge in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Contemporary Reperfusion Era.
Background and objectives: The effect of beta-blocker use after discharge on patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the contemporary reperfusion era remains ambiguous. By applying meta-analysis, we sought to assess the role of beta-blockers in the contemporary reperfusion era. Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies using propensity score matching, comparing use of beta-blockers with non-use of beta-blockers, in patients with AMI after discharge. ⋯ No significant differences were found in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.66 to 1.17, I2 = 78.4%), heart failure (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.29 to 1.08, I2 = 0) or stroke (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.39, I2 = 0). For patients with preserved left ventricular function, beta-blocker use after discharge may have also reduced the risk of all-cause mortality (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.84, I2 = 0). Conclusions: Use of beta-blockers after discharge may still be beneficial for AMI patients in the contemporary reperfusion era, with or without preserved left ventricular function.
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Meta Analysis
Impacts of Outdoor Particulate Matter Exposure on the Incidence of Lung Cancer and Mortality.
Background and objectives: Long-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with lung cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the relative risk (RR) and hazard ratio (HR) of lung cancers and the prognostic implication of outdoor particulate matter (PM) pollution using a meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: We performed the meta-analysis using 19 eligible studies and evaluated the PMs, dividing into PM smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and PM smaller than 10 µm (PM10). ⋯ The lung-cancer-specific mortality was significantly increased by PM10 per 12.1 μg/m3 increment and in the Europe area. Conclusions: PM2.5 significantly increased lung cancer and the all-cause and lung-cancer-specific mortalities, whereas PM10 did not increase lung cancer or lung-cancer-specific mortality. However, PM10 increased the all-cause mortality and the PM10 per 12.1 μg/m3 increment and PM10 in the Europe area may increase the lung-cancer-specific mortality.
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Review Meta Analysis
Is Adnexectomy Mandatory at the Time of Hysterectomy for Uterine Sarcomas? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Background and Objectives: Uterine sarcomas represents only 3% of all the female genital tract ones. The tumoral stage is the most significant prognostic factor. The role of the bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) in the surgical management of FIGO stage IA and IB appears still controversial. ⋯ Conclusions: Most studies selected for our review showed that adnexectomy does not significantly affect the RR, OS, and PFS in treating FIGO stage I uterine sarcomas. Therefore, even if there is a unanimous consensus about bilateral adnexectomy in menopausal patients, preservation of ovarian tissue may be considered in premenopausal women. Nonetheless, there are not enough cases in the literature to recommend this procedure.
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Review Meta Analysis
High Versus Low Ligation of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery in Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of high ligation (HL) versus low ligation (LL) in colorectal cancer surgery. Materials and Methods: We performed a comprehensive search using multiple databases (trial registries and ClinicalTrials.gov), other sources of grey literature, and conference proceedings, with no restrictions on the language or publication status, up until 10 March 2021. We included all parallel-group randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and considered cluster RCTs for inclusion. ⋯ HL may reduce male and female sexual function (low CoE). Conclusions: We are very uncertain about the effects of HL on survival outcomes, and there is no difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between HL and LL. More rigorous RCTs are necessary to evaluate the effect of HL and LL on functional outcomes.