Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · Jul 2011
Comparative StudyVariation of symptoms during the menstrual cycle in female patients with gastroparesis.
Gastroparesis, a chronic gastric motility disorder with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, early satiety, postprandial fullness and bloating, predominantly affects women. Some studies suggest that gastric emptying may be slower in females especially during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle when estrogen and progesterone levels are elevated. In females with irritable bowel syndrome, symptoms may worsen during the luteal phase. The aim of this study was to determine if symptoms of gastroparesis vary along the menstrual cycle and to determine the effect of oral contraceptive agents (OCPs) on symptoms. ⋯ Increased symptoms, particularly nausea and early satiety, occurred in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in female patients with gastroparesis. A variation in symptoms was not seen in gastroparesis female patients on hormonal contraception.
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · Jul 2011
Clinical TrialControl of esophageal distension-induced secondary peristalsis by the GABA(B) agonist baclofen in humans.
Secondary peristalsis is important for the clearance of retained food bolus or refluxate from the esophagus. The effects of the gamma aminobutyric acid receptor type B (GABA(B) ) agonist on secondary peristalsis remain unclear in humans. We aimed to investigate the effect of a GABA(B) agonist baclofen on esophageal secondary peristalsis. ⋯ This study provides an evidence for inhibitory modulation of esophageal secondary peristalsis by the GABA(B) agonist baclofen. Activation of secondary peristalsis is probably modulated by GABA(B) receptors; however, baclofen does not lead to any motility change in secondary peristalsis.
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · Jul 2011
Role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in colonic distension-induced hyperalgesia in distal colon of neonatal maternal separated male rats.
Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study is to examine the role of NO synthase (NOS) expression in the distal colon of neonatal maternal separation (NMS) model rats employed in IBS studies. ⋯ Neonatal maternal separation increased the NO generation by nNOS upregulation that interact with reactive oxygen species contributing to the visceral hypersensitivity in IBS.
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · Jul 2011
Entacapone promotes cAMP-dependent colonic Cl(-) secretion in rats.
Entacapone is a promising drug used widely for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) as a catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor. However, entacapone has gastrointestinal side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of entacapone on the epithelial ion transport in rat distal colon, and explore the underlying mechanism. ⋯ Entacapone stimulates cAMP-dependent Cl(-) secretion in the rat colon, and this process is regulated by endogenous PG and the submucosal enteric nervous system.
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Neurogastroenterol. Motil. · Jul 2011
Neonatal cystitis-induced colonic hypersensitivity in adult rats: a model of viscero-visceral convergence.
The objective of this study was to determine if neonatal cystitis alters colonic sensitivity later in life and to investigate the role of peripheral mechanisms. ⋯ Neonatal cystitis results in colonic hypersensitivity in adult rats without changing tissue histology or the mechanosensitive properties of CRD-sensitive PNAs. Neonatal cystitis does result in overexpression of spinal NR1 subunit in adult rats.