Canadian respiratory journal : journal of the Canadian Thoracic Society
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Review
Tuberculosis and COVID-19: Lessons from the Past Viral Outbreaks and Possible Future Outcomes.
The threat of contagious infectious diseases is constantly evolving as demographic explosion, travel globalization, and changes in human lifestyle increase the risk of spreading pathogens, leading to accelerated changes in disease landscape. Of particular interest is the aftermath of superimposing viral epidemics (especially SARS-CoV-2) over long-standing diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB), which remains a significant disease for public health worldwide and especially in emerging economies. ⋯ Because viral respiratory infections and TB impede the host's immune responses, it can be assumed that their lethal synergism may contribute to more severe clinical evolution. Despite the rapidly growing number of cases, the data needed to predict the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with latent TB and TB sequelae still lies ahead. The trial is registered with NCT04327206, NCT01829490, and NCT04121494.
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Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Accuracy of Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Pneumothorax: A Comparison between Neonates and Adults-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
The present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of pneumothorax in neonates and adults. ⋯ The diagnosis of pneumothorax using ultrasound is accurate and reliable; additionally, it can result in timely diagnoses specifically in neonatal pneumothorax. Using this method facilitates the therapy process; lack of ionizing radiation and easy operation are benefits of this imaging technique.
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Conventionally, a substantial number of patients with acute respiratory failure require mechanical ventilation (MV) to avert catastrophe of hypoxemia and hypercapnia. However, mechanical ventilation per se can cause lung injury, accelerating the disease progression. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides an alternative to rescue patients with severe respiratory failure that conventional mechanical ventilation fails to maintain adequate gas exchange. ⋯ During the running of ECMO, the protective ventilation strategy can be employed without worrying about catastrophic hypoxemia and carbon dioxide retention. There is a large body of evidence showing that protective ventilation with low tidal volume, high positive end-expiratory pressure, and prone positioning can provide benefits on mortality outcome. More recently, there is an increasing popularity on the use of awake and spontaneous breathing for patients undergoing ECMO, which is thought to be beneficial in terms of rehabilitation.
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Review Meta Analysis
Noninvasive Ventilation with Heliox for Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Infant: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Objectives. To assess whether noninvasive ventilation with Heliox reduces the need for endotracheal ventilation and subsequent complications in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Methods. ⋯ Noninvasive ventilation with Heliox decreases the incidence of intubation in preterm infants suffering from RDS. However, data on clinical outcomes are limited. Larger trials are needed to verify the beneficial effects.
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Review Meta Analysis
Noninvasive Ventilation with Heliox for Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Infant: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Objectives. To assess whether noninvasive ventilation with Heliox reduces the need for endotracheal ventilation and subsequent complications in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Methods. ⋯ Noninvasive ventilation with Heliox decreases the incidence of intubation in preterm infants suffering from RDS. However, data on clinical outcomes are limited. Larger trials are needed to verify the beneficial effects.