Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
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Review Case Reports
Intracranial neuroenteric cysts: a concise review including an illustrative patient.
Neuroenteric cysts (NC) are rare, benign lesions lined by mucin-secreting cuboidal or columnar epithelium of an intestinal or respiratory type. They are regarded as ectopic endodermal cysts, and tend to be found in the spine rather than an intracranial location. Advances in neuroimaging have led to an increased frequency of diagnosis of NC, especially as an incidental finding, although such cysts may be confused radiologically with other lesions such as epidermoid and arachnoid cysts. ⋯ Only reports in English and those containing histopathologically-confirmed NC were considered for this review. In total, 140 patients with intracranial NC were found, including the patient reported in the present review. This review describes the classification, epidemiology, embryology, clinical presentation, radiology, histopathology, and surgical treatment of NC, and includes an illustrative patient.
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Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) represent a substantial barrier to effective symptomatic management of Parkinson's disease, but current treatment options for this debilitating side effect are limited, despite an increasing understanding of their pathophysiology from animal models. Increasing evidence suggests that serotonin neurons have a pivotal role in the induction and maintenance of dyskinesias, and provide a promising target for anti-dyskinetic therapies. Here, we review the evidence for serotonergic involvement in dyskinesias from animal and human data, and highlight some of the translational gaps which may explain why the success of serotonin autoreceptor agonists as anti-dyskinetic agents in experimental models has failed to be replicated in clinical trials.