JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Oct 2022
Non-compliance to the Tobacco Control and Regulatory Act among Vendors in the Vicinities of Schools of a Metropolitan City: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
Tobacco use is the underlying cause of ill health, preventable deaths, and disabilities worldwide. The Tobacco Product Control and Regulation Act 2011 prohibits the sale of tobacco in public places including educational institutions but non-compliance to the law had not been assessed. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of non-compliance to the Tobacco Product Control and Regulation Act among vendors in the vicinities of schools in a metropolitan city. ⋯ government regulations; primary schools; vendors.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Oct 2022
Primary Caesarean Section among Multiparous Pregnant Women Visiting a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
Caesarean section is one of the most common obstetric operations performed. Primary caesarean section in multiparous women means the first caesarean section done in the multiparity who had previously delivered vaginally. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of primary caesarean section among multiparous pregnant women visiting a tertiary care centre. ⋯ caesarean section; multiparity; prevalence.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Oct 2022
Amblyopia among Patients Attending the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
Amblyopia is defined as a reduction in visual acuity unilaterally or bilaterally without any detectable cause. It is a major public health issue in developing and underdeveloped countries. Its prevalence is usually underestimated because of proper study and lack of awareness. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of amblyopia among patients attending the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of a tertiary care centre. ⋯ amblyopia; anisometropia; astigmatism; refractive errors.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Oct 2022
Sinusitis among Patients Undergoing CT Scan of Paranasal Sinuses in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
Computed tomography imaging provides detailed information about the paranasal sinuses and is now well established as an alternative to standard radiographs in evaluating patients with sinusitis. Sinusitis can have dangerous complications which can even lead to death if not diagnosed and treated on time. This study aimed to find the prevalence of sinusitis among the patients undergoing Computed Tomography scan of paranasal sinuses in a tertiary care centre. ⋯ computed tomography; paranasal sinuses; sinusitis.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Oct 2022
ReviewPrehabilitation in Patients before Major Surgery: A Review Article.
The overall outcome of the patient after any surgery is determined not only by the fineness of the surgical procedure but also by preoperative conditioning and postoperative care. Prehabilitation decreases the surgical stress response and increases the preparedness of the patient to undergo planned surgical insult. Preoperatively structured inspiratory muscle exercises, cardiopulmonary fitness program, and planned exercise program for muscles of limbs, back, abdomen, head, and neck allow an overall upliftment of the physiological capacity of the patient to better cope with the surgical stress. Optimization of dietary status by macronutrients, micronutrients, and the nutrients has an impact on augmenting postoperative recovery and shortening the overall hospital stay. Preparing patients for the scheduled surgery and initiating alcohol and smoking cessation programs overhaul the patient's mental health and boost the healing process. This concept of prehabilitation a few weeks before surgery is equally beneficial compared to enhancing operative procedures and postsurgical care. ⋯ length of stay; mental health; nutrients; preoperative exercise; smoking cessation.