American journal of therapeutics
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Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is defined as an organ dysfunction caused by intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). Up to 4.2% of the patients in intensive care unit may develop IAH with it being an independent predictor of mortality. However, overall, it still remains a relatively underdiagnosed condition, part in because physical examination alone is very unreliable. ⋯ We recommend that any patient with evidence of new onset oliguria in the setting of distended abdomen, unexplained respiratory failure, with or without hypotension should be suspected of having IAH/ACS. Intravesicular pressure measurement represents a safe, rapid, and cost-effective method of diagnosing IAH. We hereby review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of ACS and its association with acute kidney injury.