Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research
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The advent of checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy is rapidly changing the management of lung cancer. Whereas past anticancer drugs' primary toxicity was hematologic, the newer agents have primarily autoimmune toxicity. ⋯ They must also understand management of autoimmune conditions, leveraging the skills of the rheumatologist, endocrinologist and gastroenterologist in the process. Herein we describe the mechanism of action and toxicities associated with immune checkpoint blockade in patients with lung cancer and provide a framework for management of adverse events.
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Asthma is the most common life-threatening chronic disease in children. Although guidelines exist for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma, treatment of severe, pediatric asthma remains difficult. Limited studies in the pediatric population on new asthma therapies, complex issues with adolescence and adherence, health disparities, and unequal access to guideline-based care complicate the care of children with severe, persistent asthma. ⋯ An improved understanding of asthma heterogeneity, clinical characteristics, inflammatory patterns, and pathobiology can help further guide the management of severe asthma in children. More studies are needed in the pediatric population to understand emerging therapeutics application in children. Effective multimodal strategies tailored to individual characteristics and a commitment to address risk factors, modifiers, and health disparities may help reduce the burden of asthma in the USA.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Serum high-molecular-weight adiponectin and response to dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
A better baseline renal function is associated with a better response to sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Low serum adiponectin is associated with visceral fat accumulation and hepatic steatosis. We investigated the relationship between baseline serum adiponectin and glycemic response to dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). ⋯ In the dapagliflozin group, the change in HbA1c was positively correlated with the changes of CAP, but negatively correlated with the change in serum HMW adiponectin. In conclusion, a lower serum level of HMW adiponectin was associated with a better response to dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD. Trial registration numberUMIN000022155.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of a new predictive model with other critical scores for predicting in-hospital mortality among children with pneumonia-related bacteremia.
Prediction of mortality in children with pneumonia-related bacteremia is necessary for providing timely care and treatment. This study aims to develop and validate a nomogram and compare it with Pediatric Risk of Mortality III (PRISM III), Brighton Pediatric Early Warning Score (Brighton PEWS) and Pediatric Critical Illness Score (PCIS), which are widely used in predicting in-hospital mortality in children with pneumonia-related bacteremia. This retrospective study collected clinical data of hospitalized children with pneumonia-related bacteremia in Chongqing, China (January 2013-May 2019). ⋯ The results showed that the nomogram significantly performed better than the three critical scores. In conclusion, a nomogram-illustrated model incorporating TTFP, ALB and LDH for predicting in-hospital mortality in children with pneumonia-related bacteremia at the early stage was established and validated. It performed better than PRISM III, PEWS and PCIS.