Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition
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Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. · May 2005
ReviewNeonatal sepsis: an international perspective.
Neonatal infections currently cause about 1.6 million deaths annually in developing countries. Sepsis and meningitis are responsible for most of these deaths. ⋯ To reduce global neonatal mortality, strategies of proven efficacy, such as hand washing, barrier nursing, restriction of antibiotic use, and rationalisation of admission to neonatal units, need to be implemented. Different approaches require further research.
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Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. · May 2005
ReviewQuality of care by neonatal nurse practitioners: a review of the Ashington experiment.
The Ashington experiment, an innovative neonatal service run entirely by advanced neonatal nurse practitioners (ANNPs), has been evaluated. This is a report of that evaluation and a review of the benefits, hazards, and implications of nurse practitioner led services.
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Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. · May 2005
Review Case ReportsResuscitation of the preterm infant against parental wishes.
Over the past 40 years, the norms on who is to make treatment decisions for newborns, and on what standards, have been significantly altered and revised. Today the standard for treatment of newborns is the "best interest" of the child. A recent ruling of the Texas Supreme Court authorizing a doctor to resuscitate a potentially viable very premature newborn over the parents' objection is a challenge to that standard.
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Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. · May 2005
Significant head cooling can be achieved while maintaining normothermia in the newborn piglet.
Hypothermia has been shown to be neuroprotective in animal models of hypoxia-ischaemia. It is currently being evaluated as a potentially therapeutic option in the management of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. However, significant hypothermia has adverse systemic effects. It has also recently been found that the stress of being cold can abolish the neuroprotective effects of hypothermia. It is hypothesised that selective head cooling (SHC) while maintaining normal core temperature would enable local hypothermic neuroprotection while limiting the stress and side effects of hypothermia. ⋯ It is possible to maintain systemic normothermia in piglets while significantly cooling the deeper structures of the brain. This method of cooling may further limit the side effects associated with systemic hypothermia and be feasible for premature infants.
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Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. · May 2005
Multicenter StudyUK population based study of severe retinopathy of prematurity: screening, treatment, and outcome.
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the few causes of childhood blindness in which severe vision impairment is largely preventable. Ophthalmic screening for ROP is required to identify disease that requires treatment whereby the development of potentially blinding disease can be minimised. ⋯ Visual deficit as a result of ROP in premature babies continues to be a severe disability in some of the survivors of neonatal intensive care. Further efforts are needed to organise treatment regionally to improve outcome and standards of practice.