Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners
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J Oncol Pharm Pract · Jan 2021
ReviewA pharmacist's review of the treatment of systemic light chain amyloidosis.
Systemic light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is an uncommon hematologic plasma cell dyscrasia that is becoming increasingly recognized. Therapeutic agents used in AL amyloidosis overlap with those used in multiple myeloma; however, differences in disease features change treatment efficacy and tolerance. Pharmacists must be cognizant of these distinctions. Herein, this review article provides an up-to-date guide to treatment considerations for systemic AL amyloidosis in both the front-line and relapsed settings.Data sources: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the PubMed/Medline database for articles published through (June 2020) regarding treatments for AL amyloidosis. Search criteria included therapies that are FDA approved for multiple myeloma, as well as investigational agents. This review of chemotherapeutic agents reflects the current clinical practice guidelines endorsed by NCCN along with commentary based on the experience of pharmacists from a tertiary-referral center treating many patients with AL amyloidosis. Data consists of randomized controlled trials, observational cohorts, case reports, and ongoing clinical trials.Data summary: Frontline options discussed here include high-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplantation and bortezomib-based regimens. Regarding the relapsed setting, supporting data are compiled and summarized for: bortezomib, ixazomib, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, daratumumab, elotuzumab, isatuximab, venetoclax, NEOD001, and melflufen. ⋯ The treatment platform for AL amyloidosis is expanding with novel agents traditionally used in multiple myeloma being adopted and modified for use in AL amyloidosis. The pharmacist's familiarity with the clinical evidence base for these agents and how they fit into standard protocols for AL amyloidosis is critical as dosing and monitoring recommendations are unique from multiple myeloma.
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J Oncol Pharm Pract · Jan 2021
Review Case ReportsOpioid rotation from transdermal fentanyl to continuous subcutaneous hydromorphone in a cachectic patient: A case report and review of the literature.
Opioid rotation from transdermal fentanyl to an alternate opioid is often necessitated in advanced disease, but is fraught with uncertainty due to variable absorption from the patch in end-stage illness and the lack of a clearly established opioid rotation ratio. The manufacturer of transdermal fentanyl provides opioid rotation recommendations only for rotation from the oral morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) of opioid to the patch, not in the opposite direction. This is a case report of a single patient with cancer and cachexia admitted to the palliative care unit of a large academic medical centre in Canada. ⋯ Hydromorphone was initiated at a rate of 1 mg/h by continuous infusion based on an opioid rotation ratio for transdermal fentanyl (μg/h):MEDD (mg/day) of 1:2.4. Opioid toxicity eventually resolved with downward titration of hydromorphone to only 30% of the initially estimated equianalgesic dose. This case highlights the need for close follow-up of all patients undergoing opioid rotation from transdermal fentanyl and reinforces the need to reduce the initial dose of the new opioid by 30%-50% of the calculated MEDD, especially when rotating from a high dose of transdermal fentanyl, or if there are factors potentially impairing absorption from the patch such as age, cachexia and weight loss, or if rotation is performed for reasons other than uncontrolled pain.
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J Oncol Pharm Pract · Jan 2021
ReviewClinical strategies for optimizing infusion center care through a pandemic.
The national pandemic resulting from the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has made the delivery of care for patients with cancer a challenge. There are competing risks of mortality from cancer versus serious complications and higher risk of death from COVID-19 in immunocompromised hosts. Furthermore, compounding these concerns is the inadequate supply of personal protective equipment, decreased hospital capacity, and paucity of effective treatments or vaccines to date for COVID-19. ⋯ Given the critical importance to continue chemotherapy, there remains additional interventions to further enhance patient safety while conserving healthcare resources such as adjustments in medication administration, reduction in laboratory or drug monitoring, and home delivery of specialty infusions. In this manuscript, we outline how to implement these actionable interventions of chemotherapy and supportive care delivery to further enhance the current precautionary measures while maintaining safe and effective patient care. Coupled with current published standards, these strategies can help alleviate the numerous challenges associated with this pandemic.
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J Oncol Pharm Pract · Jan 2019
Low-molecular-weight heparins for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: A systematic literature review of efficacy and cost-effectiveness.
Patients with cancer have an elevated risk of venous thromboembolism. Importantly, patients with cancer, who have metastatic disease, renal insufficiency, or are receiving anticancer therapy, have an even higher risk of a recurrent event. Similarly, the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism is higher than the risk of an initial event. To reduce the risk, extended duration of prophylaxis for up to six months with low-molecular-weight heparins such as dalteparin, enoxaparin, nadroparin, and tinzaparin is recommended by international guidelines. In this paper, the clinical and economic literature is reviewed to provide evidenced based recommendations based on clinical benefit and economic value. ⋯ The totality of high-quality clinical and cost-effectiveness data supports the use of dalteparin over other low-molecular-weight heparins for preventing recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer.
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J Oncol Pharm Pract · Oct 2018
Review Case ReportsIbrutinib-associated tumor lysis syndrome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma: A case series and review of the literature.
Background Tumor lysis syndrome results when intracellular contents are released during cell lysis. Ibrutinib, a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, small lymphocytic lymphoma, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and marginal zone lymphoma. Tumor lysis syndrome caused by ibrutinib therapy is potentially life threatening, but is rare and not often reported in clinical trials. ⋯ A literature review identified five additional reported cases of tumor lysis syndrome following ibrutinib therapy. Conclusion This case series identifies one patient with a probable relationship and one patient with a possible relationship between the development of tumor lysis syndrome and treatment with ibrutinib. Although uncommon, proper attention should be given to monitoring for this adverse drug reaction and appropriate follow-up should occur despite ibrutinib's ease of administration.