Annals of internal medicine
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The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an extremely common disorder that occurs in 4% to 7% of women of reproductive age. Although PCOS is known to be associated with reproductive morbidity and increased risk for endometrial cancer, diagnosis is especially important because PCOS is now thought to increase metabolic and cardiovascular risks. These risks are strongly linked to insulin resistance and are compounded by the common occurrence of obesity, although insulin resistance and its associated risks are also present in nonobese women with PCOS. ⋯ Many lipid abnormalities (most notably low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and elevated triglyceride levels) and impaired fibrinolysis are seen in women with PCOS. Early diagnosis of the syndrome and close long-term follow-up and screening for diabetes and cardiovascular disease are warranted. An opportunity exists for preventive therapy, which should improve the reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular risks.
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To review the cause, pathophysiologic characteristics, cost, and treatment of alcohol-induced hangover. ⋯ Hangover, a common disorder, has substantial morbidity and societal cost. Appropriate management may relieve symptoms in many patients.