Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
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Vitamin D deficiency is an emerging health concern around the world, highly prevalent in south Asian population, despite abundant sunlight. In Pakistan, all age groups are vulnerable to Vitamin D deficiency including pregnant women. This systematic review aimed to determine the pattern of Vitamin D deficiency among Pakistani pregnant women as well as exploring the causes and possible interventions that have had a substantial effect on improving the vitamin D level. ⋯ The main reasons for this were found to be avoiding sun exposure, quality of diet, and lower intake of calcium. Maternal vitamin D supplementation was found to be a key intervention to improve the maternal and neonatal vitamin D status. These review findings can be emerging in ensuring the adequate vitamin D level for Pakistani pregnant women during pregnancy, ultimately to achieve positive maternal and neonate's health outcomes.
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J Coll Physicians Surg Pak · Oct 2017
ReviewReview Typology: The Basic Types of Reviews for Synthesizing Evidence for the Purpose of Knowledge Translation.
With advances in medical practice and fields of research, reviews occupy a key position for summarizing existing knowledge. Due to the differences and overlap in terminology, the full potential for reviews may be lost due to confusion of indistinct approaches. The main objective of this study was to provide a descriptive outline of each of the common review types with their characteristics and examples in a health care system. ⋯ Nine common types of reviews and associated methodologies were evaluated against the already established SALSA framework. Their description, strengths and weaknesses are presented. The results provided a basic idea of different types of reviews based on the intended level of knowledge synthesis by which researchers can identify the appropriate type of review based on their intended audience.
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J Coll Physicians Surg Pak · Mar 2017
ReviewMotivating and Demotivating Factors for Community Health Workers Engaged in Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Programs in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.
This systematic review aimed to synthesize primary research on motivating factors of community health workers (CHWs) for maternal, neonatal, and child health (MNCH) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Peer-reviewed literatures were systematically searched in five databases. Identified studies were then screened and selected for inclusion. ⋯ Recruitment of community health workers for maternal, neonatal, and child health relies largely on individual level of motivation. At retention, individual level motivating factors remain influential; and community and health system begin to influence motivation positively. But, overall health systems in low and middleincome countries are demotivating the health workers rather than motivating them.
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J Coll Physicians Surg Pak · Mar 2017
ReviewMotivating and Demotivating Factors for Community Health Workers Engaged in Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Programs in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.
This systematic review aimed to synthesize primary research on motivating factors of community health workers (CHWs) for maternal, neonatal, and child health (MNCH) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Peer-reviewed literatures were systematically searched in five databases. Identified studies were then screened and selected for inclusion. ⋯ Recruitment of community health workers for maternal, neonatal, and child health relies largely on individual level of motivation. At retention, individual level motivating factors remain influential; and community and health system begin to influence motivation positively. But, overall health systems in low and middleincome countries are demotivating the health workers rather than motivating them.
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J Coll Physicians Surg Pak · Dec 2015
ReviewTooth-Bleaching: A Review of the Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Various Tooth Whitening Products.
Tooth bleaching (whitening) is one of the most common and inexpensive method for treating discolouration of teeth. Dental aesthetics, especially tooth colour, is of great importance to majority of the people; and discolouration of even a single tooth can negatively influence the quality of life. Therefore, a review of the literature was carried out (limited to aesthetic tooth-bleaching) to provide a broad overview of the efficacy and adverse effects of various tooth whitening products on soft and hard oral tissues.