Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · Jul 2020
Meta AnalysisEffectiveness of vaginal microbicides in preventing HIV transmission.
To evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of vaginal microbicides in preventing HIV transmission in women. ⋯ The long-acting intravaginal ring containing dapivirine significantly reduced risk of HIV transmission in women by 29%. The remaining microbicides had no evident effect.
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · Jul 2020
Meta AnalysisSystematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption among adults in Bangladesh, India and Myanmar.
To estimate the pooled prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption (STC) by gender and location in Bangladesh, India and Myanmar and to identify periodic changes in STC prevalence using data extracted from published studies. ⋯ The prevalence of STC in Bangladesh, India and Myanmar is highest in rural areas and among men. Public health prevention strategies are needed to maintain decrease in STC in Bangladesh and India, and to reverse the increased use in Myanmar.
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · May 2016
Review Meta AnalysisWhat factors affect patient access and engagement with clubfoot treatment in low- and middle-income countries? Meta-synthesis of existing qualitative studies using a social ecological model.
To conduct a systematic synthesis of previous research to identify factors that affect treatment-seeking for clubfoot and community-level interventions to improve engagement in low- and middle-income counties. ⋯ This study identifies factors that affect access and engagement with clubfoot treatment across diverse settings and strategies to address them.
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · Apr 2014
Review Meta AnalysisSystematic review and meta-analysis: association between water and sanitation environment and maternal mortality.
To assess whether the lack of water or the lack of sanitation facilities in either the home or in health facilities is associated with an increased risk of maternal mortality and to quantify the effect sizes. ⋯ There is evidence of association between sanitation and maternal mortality and between water and maternal mortality. Both associations are of substantial magnitude and are maintained after adjusting for confounders. However, these conclusions are based on a very small number of studies, few of which set out to examine sanitation or water as risk factors, and only some of which adjusted for potential confounders. Nevertheless, there are plausible pathways through which such associations may operate.
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Trop. Med. Int. Health · Jan 2014
Review Meta AnalysisSystematic review of the proportion of pregnancy-related deaths attributed to HIV in population-based studies in sub-Saharan Africa.
To estimate the proportion of pregnancy-related deaths attributed to HIV in population-based studies in sub-Saharan Africa, and to document the methods used to make such attribution. ⋯ The proportion of pregnancy-related/maternal deaths attributed to HIV is substantially lower than modelled estimates, but comparisons are hampered by the absence of standard approaches. Clear guidelines on how to classify pregnancy-related deaths as attributable to HIV are urgently needed, so that the effect of the HIV epidemic on pregnancy-related mortality can be monitored and action taken accordingly.