Pain research & management : the journal of the Canadian Pain Society = journal de la société canadienne pour le traitement de la douleur
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The Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) is a reliable and valid self-report instrument that measures the impact of pain on an individual's life, quality of social support and general activity. Criticism of the MPI has focused on this instrument's internal structure and the stability of its classification taxonomy. ⋯ Based on principal components analysis, three summary scales were developed that reflected level of impairment, social support and activity. Summary scales possessed good psychometric qualities and, when cluster analyzed, replicated the MPI taxonomy. Exploratory analyses of the MPI taxonomy revealed that goodness-of-fit values generally became less reliable as respondent profiles approached the overall sample mean. When the relative distance between respondents fit to taxonomy profiles and the distance from the sample mean was considered, profile stability using summary scales was predicted with good precision. These results suggest that summary scales may enhance the usefulness of the MPI, and that the traditional method of determining profile fit within the MPI is not stable and needs to be reconsidered.
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Research reporting effective pain care strategies exists, yet it is not translated to care. Little is known about how repeated pain exposure has affected nurses' ability to be empathetic and use their knowledge to provide evidence-based care. Concerns have been raised regarding the validity of self-report empathy instruments; therefore, a novel video program was developed for testing. It was hypothesized that those who viewed infants in painful and nonpainful states would have a measureable empathy (pain rating) response correlating to the level of pain expressed by the infants. ⋯ The EIPvp yielded predictable responses from both the nurse and non-nurse control groups when scoring the pain expressed in the video clips. Nurses' detection of pain more often than controls may have been an indication that they have greater knowledge of pain cues, or their empathy levels may have been different as a result of their exposure to, or their perceived relationship with, patients. The EIPvp was validated and has promising potential for training and research purposes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Post hoc analyses of data from a 90-day clinical trial evaluating the tolerability and efficacy of tapentadol immediate release and oxycodone immediate release for the relief of moderate to severe pain in elderly and nonelderly patients.
To evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of tapentadol immediate release (IR) and oxycodone IR for relief of moderate to severe pain in elderly and nonelderly patients. ⋯ Tapentadol IR was safe and effective for the relief of lower back pain and osteoarthritis pain in elderly patients, and was associated with a better gastrointestinal tolerability profile than oxycodone IR.
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Neuropathic pain is often severe and adversely affects patients' quality of life. ⋯ Treatment of refractory neuropathic pain with 5% lidocaine-medicated plaster clearly demonstrated efficacy and an excellent safety profile in patients with refractory neuropathic pain.
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To investigate how maternal culture (ie, individualist versus collectivist) influences soothing techniques and infant distress. ⋯ These results suggest that the similarities in soothing and infant pain expression between individualist and collectivist cultures are more prominent than their differences.