International journal of pharmaceutical compounding
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Films, which are a dosage form designed to dissolve on contact with a wet surface within a very short time, are thin sheets placed in the oral cavity for dissolution and absorption of the active drug. This dosage form is gaining popularity because of its convenience. Discussed within this article are the applications, advantages/disadvantages, composition, preparation, physicochemical considerations, quality control, packaging/labeling/storage, stability, and formulation considerations as they relate to films. Also provided are example formulations for compounding.
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Case Reports
Low-Dose Naltrexone: A New Therapy Option for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I Patients.
Naltrexone (an opioid antagonist) has long been used in patients overcoming alcohol and opioid dependency. However, at doses one-tenth of those commonly prescribed for the above conditions, an unexpected effect occurs that aids in alleviating pain. Although there are currently no randomized clinical trials supporting the use of low-dose naltrexone, we present a case study describing the impact of compounding low-dose naltrexone that has dramatically improved the patient's pain symptoms which were refractory to other treatments.
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Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, is an anesthetic used for general anesthesia. In the past 20 years, ketamine has been successfully formulated topically and has been used for analgesia. Topical analgesics are popular among physicians due to their efficacy and limited systemic effects. ⋯ S., the use of topical ketamine compounded with various bases and other analgesics has been increasing. There are numerous small studies examining the efficacy and safety of topical ketamine mainly on neuropathic pain. In this article, a narrative review examining topical ketamine's mechanism, pharmacology, use, safety, and future will be analyzed.
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Performance improvement is the continual effort to objectively assess current performance and then restructure the practices that support it to more closely achieve desired performance. A plan for performance improvement, unlike other approaches to correcting problems in job fulfillment, is a systematic method used to first find the root causes of areas of concern and then apply corrections to remedy those deficits. Implementing a performance improvement plan that can be easily adapted to ensure compliance with evolving and increasingly complex state and federal regulations is crucial to a successful compounding practice. In this article, we discuss the need for performance improvement in 503A compounding pharmacies, list the steps necessary to develop such a plan, and present three case reports of performance improvement plans in differing compounding settings.
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Both conventional and more advanced product container and delivery systems are the focus of this brief article. Six different product container systems will be discussed, plus advances in primary packaging for special delivery systems and needle technology.