British journal of anaesthesia
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It is not possible to distinguish between direct pharmacological effects and immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions by clinical observation alone and errors may occur in the absence of laboratory tests. A convenient and simple test is the measurement of plasma complement C3 consumption and conversion in sequential blood samples taken at intervals over the 24 h following an adverse response.
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Equations have been derived to determine the alveolar gas concentrations which occur when the Magill (Mapleson A) circuit is used with a low fresh gas flow. Alveolar oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations are determined by the fresh gas flow and composition, carbon dioxide output and oxygen uptake. Gas mixing within the circuit and alterations in the inspired gas concentrations do not affect the final equilibrium. If oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output are constant, the alveolar gas concentrations are unaffected by alterations in ventilation.