British journal of anaesthesia
-
Alarms are used in many clinical applications, but they are often less than optimal because the design and implementation of alarms has not always taken the cognitive capacity and processing mechanisms of the user into account. As a result alarms are frequently too loud, irritating, confusing, badly designed, and too numerous, resulting in them often being turned off and hindering, rather than enhancing, task performance. ⋯ In each area some background is given and the implications for alarm design and implementation outlined. The conclusion is that there are some indications that alarm design and implementation takes account of relevant research data, but that there is still some way to go before these findings are fully integrated and the situation is improved upon further.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Gabapentin attenuates the pressor response to direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.
Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation increase blood pressure and heart rate (HR). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of gabapentin when given before operation on the haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. ⋯ Gabapentin, under the present study design attenuates the pressor response but not the tachycardia associated with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Emergence and recovery in children after desflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia: effect of anaesthetic duration.
We hypothesized that increasing duration of inhalation anaesthesia is associated with slower emergence and recovery in children, and that this effect would be less marked with desflurane in comparison with isoflurane. ⋯ The rate of recovery in children after exposure to desflurane was faster than those patients receiving isoflurane; recovery from desflurane, but not isoflurane, was relatively unaffected by the duration of anaesthesia.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Nitrous oxide does not change the incidence of postoperative delirium or cognitive decline in elderly surgical patients.
Postoperative delirium and cognitive decline are common in elderly surgical patients after non-cardiac surgery. Despite this prevalence and clinical importance, no specific aetiological factor has been identified for postoperative delirium and cognitive decline. In experimental setting in a rat model, nitrous oxide (N(2)O) produces neurotoxic effect at high concentrations and in an age-dependent manner. Whether this neurotoxic response may be observed clinically has not been previously determined. We hypothesized that in the elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, exposure to N(2)O resulted in an increased incidence of postoperative delirium than would be expected for patients not receiving N(2)O. ⋯ Exposure to N(2)O resulted in an equal incidence of postoperative delirium when compared with no exposure to N(2)O.
-
Emergence delirium in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) is poorly understood. The goal of this prospective study was to determine frequency and risk factors of emergence delirium in adults after general anaesthesia. ⋯ Preoperative benzodiazepines, breast and abdominal surgery and surgery of long duration are risk factors for emergence delirium.