British journal of anaesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Pregabalin and dexamethasone for postoperative pain control: a randomized controlled study in hip arthroplasty.
Optimal pain treatment with minimal side-effects is essential for early mobility and recovery in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. We investigated the analgesic effect of pregabalin and dexamethasone in this surgical procedure. ⋯ Pregabalin resulted in a 50% reduction in 24 h postoperative morphine requirements. This was not associated with a reduced incidence of nausea or vomiting. Pregabalin resulted in increased levels of sedation. Combining pregabalin and dexamethasone provided no additional effects on pain or opioid requirements.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Randomized cross-over comparison of cervical-spine motion with the AirWay Scope or Macintosh laryngoscope with in-line stabilization: a video-fluoroscopic study.
The AirWay Scope (AWS) is a fibreoptic device that allows for intubation without alignment of the oral, pharyngeal, and tracheal axes. It may be useful for patients with an unstable cervical-spine (C-spine) or when C-spine movement is undesirable. This study was conducted to fluoroscopically evaluate upper C-spine movement during tracheal intubation with the AWS and or the Macintosh laryngoscope with in-line stabilization (ILS). ⋯ In comparison with the use of the Macintosh laryngoscope, the AWS decreased median upper C-spine movement during intubation under ILS in patients with normal C-spine.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of local anaesthetic volume (20 vs 5 ml) on the efficacy and respiratory consequences of ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block.
Interscalene brachial plexus block (ISBPB) is an effective nerve block for shoulder surgery. However, a 100% incidence of phrenic nerve palsy limits the application of ISBPB for patients with limited pulmonary reserve. We examined the incidence of phrenic nerve palsy with a low-volume ISBPB compared with a standard-volume technique both guided by ultrasound. ⋯ The use of low-volume ultrasound-guided ISBPB is associated with fewer respiratory and other complications with no change in postoperative analgesia compared with the standard-volume technique.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Video-assisted instruction improves the success rate for tracheal intubation by novices.
Tracheal intubation via laryngoscopy is a fundamental skill, particularly for anaesthesiologists. However, teaching this skill is difficult since direct laryngoscopy allows only one individual to view the larynx during the procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine if video-assisted laryngoscopy improves the effectiveness of tracheal intubation training. ⋯ The improved rate of successful intubation and the decreased rate of oesophageal intubation support the use of video laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation training.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparison of prophylactic use of midazolam, ketamine, and ketamine plus midazolam for prevention of shivering during regional anaesthesia: a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial.
Regional anaesthesia, like general anaesthesia, influences the thermoregulatory process. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of low-dose prophylactic midazolam with that of placebo, ketamine, and a combination of ketamine and midazolam in the prevention of shivering caused by regional anaesthesia. ⋯ Prophylactic use of ketamine 0.25 mg kg(-1)+midazolam 37.5 microg kg(-1) i.v. was more effective than ketamine 0.5 mg kg(-1) i.v. or midazolam 75 microg kg(-1) i.v. in preventing shivering developed during regional anaesthesia.