British journal of anaesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of dexamethasone in combination with caudal analgesia on postoperative pain control in day-case paediatric orchiopexy.
Dexamethasone has a powerful anti-inflammatory action and has demonstrated reduced morbidity after surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a single i.v. dose of dexamethasone in combination with caudal block on postoperative analgesia in children. ⋯ Intravenous dexamethasone 0.5 mg kg(-1) in combination with a caudal block augmented the intensity and duration of postoperative analgesia without adverse effects in children undergoing day-case paediatric orchiopexy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Xylometazoline pretreatment reduces nasotracheal intubation-related epistaxis in paediatric dental surgery.
Epistaxis is the most common complication encountered during nasotracheal intubation (NTI) in children. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of prophylactic intranasal admixture of xylometazoline and local anaesthetic gel in reducing epistaxis after NTI in children. ⋯ Admixture of intranasal xylometazoline 0.1% drops and lidocaine 2% jelly reduced the incidence and severity of epistaxis after NTI in preschool children.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Intravenous lidocaine infusion reduces bispectral index-guided requirements of propofol only during surgical stimulation.
I.V. lidocaine reduces volatile anaesthetics requirements during surgery. We hypothesized that lidocaine would also reduce propofol requirements during i.v. anaesthesia. ⋯ The sparing effect of lidocaine on anaesthetic requirements seems to be mediated by an anti-nociceptive action.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Influence of obesity on propofol pharmacokinetics: derivation of a pharmacokinetic model.
The objective of this study was to develop a pharmacokinetic (PK) model to characterize the influence of obesity on propofol PK parameters. ⋯ We have derived a population PK model using obese and non-obese data to characterize propofol PK over a wide range of body weights. An allometric model using TBW as the size descriptor of volumes and clearances was superior to other size descriptors to characterize propofol PK in obese patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Vapocoolant spray vs subcutaneous lidocaine injection for reducing the pain of intravenous cannulation: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial.
We compared the efficacy, acceptability, and safety of a topical vapocoolant alkane spray and 1% plain s.c. lidocaine in reducing pain from i.v. cannulation. ⋯ Although vapocoolant reduces cannulation pain less than lidocaine, it has a number of important advantages. Vapocoolant offers a useful alternative in the emergency department setting.