British journal of anaesthesia
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Review Comparative Study
Comparison of anaesthetic- and seizure-induced states of unconsciousness.
In order to understand general anaesthesia and certain seizures, a fundamental understanding of the neurobiology of unconsciousness is needed. This review article explores similarities in neuronal and network changes during general anaesthesia and seizure-induced unconsciousness. ⋯ These areas are all likely to be involved in maintaining normal consciousness. An assessment of the similarities in the brain network disruptions with certain seizures and general anaesthesia might provide fresh insights into the mechanisms of the alterations of consciousness seen in these particular unconscious states, allowing for innovative therapies for seizures and the development of anaesthetic approaches targeting specific networks.
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Pulse wave analysis (PWA) allows estimation of cardiac output (CO) based on continuous analysis of the arterial blood pressure (AP) waveform. We describe the physiology of the AP waveform, basic principles of PWA algorithms for CO estimation, and PWA technologies available for clinical practice. ⋯ Numerous PWA algorithms are available to estimate CO, including Windkessel models, long time interval or multi-beat analysis, pulse power analysis, or the pressure recording analytical method. Invasive, minimally-invasive, and noninvasive PWA monitoring systems can be classified according to the method they use to calibrate estimated CO values in externally calibrated systems, internally calibrated systems, and uncalibrated systems.
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Review Meta Analysis
Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of renal injury in surgical patients: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the results of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that have evaluated pharmacological interventions for renoprotection in people undergoing surgery. ⋯ There are multiple effective pharmacological renoprotective interventions for people undergoing surgery.
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Review Meta Analysis
Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of renal injury in surgical patients: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the results of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that have evaluated pharmacological interventions for renoprotection in people undergoing surgery. ⋯ There are multiple effective pharmacological renoprotective interventions for people undergoing surgery.
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Review Meta Analysis
Patient blood management interventions do not lead to important clinical benefits or cost-effectiveness for major surgery: a network meta-analysis.
Patient blood management (PBM) interventions aim to improve clinical outcomes by reducing bleeding and transfusion. We assessed whether existing evidence supports the routine use of combinations of these interventions during and after major surgery. ⋯ In randomised trials, PBM interventions do not have important clinical benefits beyond reducing bleeding and transfusion in people undergoing major surgery.