British journal of anaesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Exposure to incivility does not hinder speaking up: a randomised controlled high-fidelity simulation-based study.
Speaking up with concerns is critical for patient safety. We studied whether witnessing a civil (i.e. polite, respectful) response to speaking up would increase the occurrence of further speaking up by hospital staff members as compared with witnessing a pseudo-civil (i.e. vague and slightly dismissive) or rude response. ⋯ Our study challenges current assumptions about the interplay of civility and speaking up behaviour in healthcare.