International journal of clinical practice
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Mar 2012
Review Meta AnalysisInhaled loxapine for agitation revisited: focus on effect sizes from 2 Phase III randomised controlled trials in persons with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
To describe the efficacy of inhaled loxapine for the treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder using different examples of effect size (ES). ⋯ Inhaled loxapine is a non-invasive treatment option for the management of agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Effect sizes for inhaled loxapine vs. placebo are robust and on par with those observed with intramuscular antipsychotics and benzodiazepines. Onset of action is rapid. The magnitudes of the effect sizes were generally larger for the 10 mg dose vs. the 5 mg dose, and the overall data supports the 10 mg dose as the dominant choice. The efficacy profile of inhaled loxapine will need to be viewed within the context of its pulmonary safety profile. The advisers to the Food and Drug Administration recommended that inhaled loxapine be restricted to a single dose in 24 h and be subject to a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy programme.