Annals of diagnostic pathology
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Postradiation sarcomas are long-term complications of radiation treatment of various forms of cancer. Osteosarcoma, specifically, occurring in patients with a history of prostate cancer is rare; but with high-dose radiotherapy now an accepted standard of care for localized prostate adenocarcinoma, it should be considered in the clinical setting of patients presenting with potential remote disease relapse. ⋯ Because of the long latency period, the appearance of lytic bone lesions with soft tissue components in pelvic bony structures may mimic recurrent/metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. The prognosis of patients developing osteosarcoma after radiotherapy for prostate cancer is similar to other radiation-induced osteosarcomas occurring in the axial skeleton, with a 50% overall mortality within the first year after diagnosis.