European journal of pain : EJP
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Peroperative ketamine and morphine for postoperative pain control after lumbar disk surgery.
Ketamine, a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, may reduce postoperative opioid demand and improve postoperative analgesia. ⋯ Ketamine small-dose, combined with morphine improves postoperative analgesia and reduces opioid-related side effects in lumbar disk surgery.