European journal of pain : EJP
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Pregabalin for relief of neuropathic pain associated with diabetic neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind study.
Seven published, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials with pregabalin have shown robust efficacy for relief of neuropathic pain from DPN and PHN. An investigation of the efficacy and safety of twice daily pregabalin enrolled 395 adults with painful DPN for > or = 1 year in a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomized to placebo, 150, 300, or 600 mg/day pregabalin (n = 96, 99, 99, and 101). ⋯ Pregabalin 600 mg/day was significantly superior to placebo in improving pain-related sleep-interference scores (p = 0.003), PGIC (p = 0.021), and CGIC (p = 0.009). (Neither pregabalin 150 nor 300 mg/day separated from placebo on these measures, largely because of an atypically large placebo response in one country representing 42% of patients.) All pregabalin dosages were superior to placebo in improving EQ-5D utility scores (all p > or = 0.0263 vs placebo). Pregabalin was well tolerated at all dosages; adverse events were generally mild to moderate. Number needed to harm (discontinuation because of adverse events) was 10.3 for pregabalin 600 mg/day.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Home visits by specially trained nurses after discharge from multi-disciplinary pain care: a cost consequence analysis based on a randomised controlled trial.
To analyse the cost consequences of a nurse follow-up intervention for chronic non-malignant pain patients discharged from multidisciplinary pain treatment. ⋯ The nurse intervention did not significantly influence patients' health status. Patients in the intervention group tended to use fewer health care resources than those in the control group and the cost of the intervention was more than balanced out by savings in other health care resources.
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The cost of low back pain (LBP) to employers is high, with an estimated pound 9090 million lost in the United Kingdom in 1998. Economic analysis of LBP has focused on work absence among the employed. There is little research characterising individuals who report reduced duties or who are not in employment because of LBP. ⋯ These findings indicate that the economic impact of LBP may be higher than previously estimated when data on reduced duties is combined with work absence. The additional impact of unemployment due to LBP should also be included in future assessments of the impact of LBP on the workforce.
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Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) consisting of electrical stimulation of the dorsal spinal cord using epidural electrodes has been shown to relieve chronic neuropathic pain. To analyze the cerebral activation patterns related to SCS, and to evaluate the effects of SCS on the processing of acute experimental pain, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on eight patients suffering from failed back surgery syndrome who were also being treated with SCS for severe pain in their legs and lower back. Three types of stimulation were used, each lasting 36s: (i) SCS, (ii) heat pain (HP) applied to the leg affected by neuropathic pain, and (iii) simultaneous HP and SCS. ⋯ The activation of the primary motor cortex, insula and S2 during SCS may directly interfere with the processing of neuropathic pain. When SCS is associated with heat pain, the paralimbic association cortex and cerebellum show activation exceeding the sum of activations resulting from separate SCS and heat pain stimulation. The explanation of this could possibly rest with the continuous comparisons of simultaneous pain and somatosensory sensations occurring in a single dermatome.
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In the Swedish Hernia Register 2834 inguinal hernia repairs in 2583 patients were registered in the county of Uppsala 1998-2004. In May 2005 the 2421 patients still alive were requested by mail to fill in a validated questionnaire concerning postherniorrhaphy pain. The final response rate became 72%. ⋯ Factors not associated with occurrence of residual pain were gender, method of anaesthesia during surgery, hernia sac diameter, postoperative complications, hernia type, need for emergency operation, reducibility of the hernia sac and complete dissection of the hernia sac. Factors found to be associated with impairment of function due to pain in a multivariate logistic regression analysis were: age below median, female gender, medial hernia, open repair technique, postoperative complications, need for operation for recurrence, presence of preoperative pain and less than three years from surgery. The possibility of long-term pain as an outcome after hernia operations should be taken into consideration in the decision making prior to operation.