European journal of pain : EJP
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Cognitive exposure versus avoidance in patients with chronic pain: Adherence matters.
Behavioural exposure methods can reduce pain-avoidance behaviours, but outcomes vary. One possible explanation is that patients employ cognitive (experiential) avoidance during behavioural exposure. If so, reducing cognitive avoidance during behavioural exposure should help. One option is interoceptive exposure (IE), which involves sustained exposure (via attention) to pain sensations. In order to test if IE could improve outcomes from behavioural exposure, this study with mixed chronic pain patients compared outcomes from a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) pain management programme incorporating either IE or distraction from pain. ⋯ The addition of IE to behavioural exposure did not improve outcomes. However, higher adherence to either attentional strategy was associated with larger effect sizes on all measures, suggesting factors shared by the two treatments could have contributed to the outcomes. Taken as a whole, the results suggest that increasing adherence to treatment strategies, possibly by motivational measures, would improve the overall outcomes of these interventions.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
An experimental investigation of the effect of a justice violation on pain experience and expression among individuals with high and low just world beliefs.
Perceptions of injustice are linked with poorer physical and psychological outcomes in the context of pain and injury. Violations of injustice can arise out of violations of just world belief (JWB). However, no study has yet examined whether JWB moderates the effect of justice violation on pain experience. ⋯ Our results indicate that individuals with high JWB may show particularly adverse reactions in response to justice violations in the context of acute pain experience.