Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
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Objectives. Medically refractory cervical dystonia has recently been treated using deep brain stimulation (DBS), targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN). There has been limited literature regarding short-term outcomes and no literature regarding long-term outcomes for refractory cervical dystonia following DBS of the STN. Materials and Methods. Two patients with medically refractory cervical dystonia underwent STN DBS. ⋯ The STN and SNr were easily identified as having activity similar to off-state Parkinson's patients. Conclusions. DBS therapy for cervical dystonia utilizing the STN as the surgical target may be novel and may be an alternative target to the globus pallidus internus as supported by this first long-term outcome report. Further studies need to be performed to confirm these conclusions.
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Objective. To clarify the efficacy of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in young-onset Parkinson's disease (PD), we compared the effects of STN stimulation on the motor symptoms between young-onset PD (YOPD) and late-onset PD (LOPD). Methods. We analyzed the effects of STN stimulation on motor function and motor fluctuations in 15 patients with YOPD, and 113 patients with LOPD who underwent STN stimulation during the same period. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) was evaluated during the on-period and off-period, which are defined as the times at which the motor symptoms are the best and worst during the daily active time with sustaining anti-parkinsonian drugs. ⋯ Conclusions. STN stimulation can reduce the LED and improve motor fluctuations in patients with YOPD. The effects of STN stimulation on the motor symptoms of YOPD patients are superior to those in LOPD. The present findings suggest that YOPD patients suffering from several problems related to pharmacological therapy are probably good candidates for STN stimulation.
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Objectives. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an accepted treatment for medically intractable epilepsy. However, predictive factors associated with responsiveness to VNS remained unclear. We therefore sought to identify predictive factors that influence responsiveness to VNS in both children and adults. ⋯ Transient hoarseness and cough were observed in eight of all patients and wound infection and generator failure in one patient each. Conclusions. These results suggest that VNS may be a more effective treatment in children with intractable epilepsy than in adults. It remains difficult to predict which patients will respond to VNS therapy.
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Introduction. Chronic thalamic stimulation has been confirmed as an effective treatment for tremor. The optimal target has been commonly accepted to be situated within the ventral thalamus, but a standard trajectory of the deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode has not yet been established. Materials and Methods. A 53-year-old man with an 11-year history of essential tremor was treated by DBS of the thalamus. ⋯ In contrast, stimulation with the DBS electrode permanently implanted at a low angle, covering a wide area extending from the nucleus ventralis oralis (Vo) to the Vim, reduced the tremor. Conclusion. We report on the case of a patient who showed different effects on tremor depending on the trajectory angle of the DBS electrode to the AC-PC line. The insertion trajectory of the DBS electrode may be an important factor for the treatment of tremor.
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Objective. Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) is increasingly being utilized for the treatment of intractable pain. While the risks of MCS are relatively low, focal or generalized seizures may be produced during programming of MCS systems. Occasionally, patients may experience seizures hours after programming. ⋯ Conclusions. Despite the overall safety of MCS for the treatment of chronic pain, seizures during and after programming are a serious risk that should be anticipated. In this group of patients, seizures were associated only with stimulus rates between 70 and 90 Hz. No patient developed chronic epilepsy from the stimulation.