Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
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Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) patients experience pain, functional disability, and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) despite anatomically successful surgery. Examining sub-dimensions of health outcomes measures provides insight into patient well-being. ⋯ Longer-term patient management and research must focus on these refractory FBSS patients with persisting poor function and HRQoL outcomes.
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It has been known for decades that neurons in vitro and in vivo respond in a polarity-specific manner to changes in their electrical environment. Likewise, investigators have passed direct current (DC) across the human head for decades in attempts to alter brain function and behavior. Recent human data, however, have put this technique on a more solid empirical footing and it has re-emerged from obscurity as a "new," noninvasive means of neuromodulation, called transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS). ⋯ The field is very young and many findings will require replication. Nevertheless, TDCS appears to have the potential to be a simple and safe means of neuromodulation.