Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
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The aim of this study was to report on four patients with craniocervical dystonia (CCD) treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS). In addition, we investigated the treatment efficacy and surgical outcome predictors by the review and analysis of previously published studies. ⋯ GPi/STN-DBS is an effective treatment for patients with medically refractory CCD, including those with severe preoperative symptoms. The age at CCD onset and the disease duration do not predict improvement in movement scores.
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Review Case Reports
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Intractable Testicular Pain: Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Treating chronic testicular pain is often challenging, and few treatment options have been reported. We report a case of intractable testicular pain successfully treated with spinal cord stimulation (SCS). ⋯ This is the third reported case of intractable chronic testicular pain successfully treated with SCS. Although evidence is scarce, SCS appears to be a potential treatment for patients with testicular pain presenting with a clear distribution of pain.
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External noninvasive peripheral nerve stimulation (EN-PNS) is a neuromodulation technique in which a low-frequency electrical stimulation is applied via a ball-shaped electrode that is placed directly onto the skin. ⋯ Patients reported EN-PNS to provide ongoing benefit at long-term follow-up. Further prospective investigations are justified.
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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT) is an evolving treatment option in refractory focal epilepsy. Due to poor visualization of ANT in traditional MRI sequences used for movement disorder surgery, targeting of ANT is mainly based on stereotactic atlas information. Sophisticated 3T MRI methods enable visualization of ANT, but 1.5T MRI is still preferred or more readily available in a large number of centers performing DBS. ⋯ The visualization of ANT is possible in preoperative 1.5T MRI enabling direct targeting of ANT all examined situations. The use of indirect targeting and its inherent potential for lead misplacement due to anatomical variation may be avoided using these MRI methods. Furthermore, postoperative MRI with STIR and T1-weighted MPRAGE images enable detailed postoperative assessment of contact locations.