Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
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The objective of the study was to investigate transcranial wave propagation through two low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU)-based brain stimulation techniques-transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) and transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS). Although tFUS involves delivering long trains of acoustic pulses, the newly introduced TPS delivers ultrashort (∼3 μs) pulses repeated at 4 Hz. Accordingly, only a single simulation study with limited geometry currently exists for TPS. We considered a high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) whole human head model in addition to water bath simulations. We anticipate that the results of this study will help researchers investigating LIFU have a better understanding of the effects of the two different techniques. ⋯ This study simulated TPS administration using a 3D realistic image-derived data set. Although our comparison results are strictly limited to the model parameters and assumptions made, we were able to elucidate some clear differences between the two approaches. We hope this initial study will pave the way for systematic comparison between the two approaches in the future.
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Review Case Reports
A Systematic Review of the Safety and Tolerability of Theta Burst Stimulation in Children and Adolescents.
Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is often used in clinical practice and research protocols for adults with neuropsychiatric disorders. There are substantial knowledge gaps related to the application of TBS in children and adolescents. This systematic review examined the safety and tolerability of TBS in children and adolescents. ⋯ TBS interventions in children may have similar safety, tolerability, and feasibility as compared to adults. However, long-term, follow-up studies of TBS are lacking. Future dose-ranging studies with systematic assessment of adverse events will be important in the translation of findings with TBS from adults to youth.
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To synthesize and critically appraise literature exploring patient perceptions regarding the therapeutic use of noninvasive brain stimulation. ⋯ The findings from this review suggest that rTMS is well accepted as a therapeutic treatment among psychiatric populations, providing support for its clinical utility. Future work is needed to determine if similar findings exist for other conditions (eg, chronic pain) and for other therapeutic forms of brain stimulation (eg, tDCS).
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Combining Trauma Script Exposure With rTMS to Reduce Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial.
Innovative therapeutic interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are required. We opted to facilitate fear extinction by combining trauma script exposure with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to reduce symptoms of PTSD. ⋯ We found no evidence of difference in clinical improvement or remission rates between the 110% HF and 70% LF stimulation. These findings may reflect the importance of exposure procedure and that larger number of participants is needed.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Resting-State Network Changes Following Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Aphasia-A Randomized Controlled Study.
Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has exhibited promising efficacy in treating stroke-related aphasia, changes in neuroimaging in response to this therapy remain unclear. ⋯ The Clinicaltrials.gov registration number for the study is NCT03059225.