Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
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Review Meta Analysis
Incidence of Neuraxial and Non-neuraxial Hematoma Complications From Spinal Cord Stimulator Surgery: Systematic Review and Proportional Meta-Analysis.
The goal of this meta-analysis was to estimate the incidence of total hematomas, neuraxial hematomas, and non-neuraxial hematomas in patients who underwent temporary spinal cord stimulator (SCS) lead trial placement and permanent implantation of SCS leads and internal pulse generator (IPG). ⋯ The overall incidence of hematomas in patients with temporary SCS trial lead placement and permanent SCS/IPG implantations is less than 1%. Furthermore, the incidence of neuraxial hematomas is less than 0.5%, which is of particular interest given the potential devastating consequences of this complication. The results of this study can be used to inform patients and implanting physicians on hematoma complications from SCS and highlight that the benefits of SCS outweigh the hematoma risks if anticoagulation is appropriately managed perioperatively.
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Review
Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Headache Disorders: A Systematic Review.
Chronic headache remains a major cause of disability and pain worldwide. Although the literature has extensively described pharmacologic options for headache treatment and prophylaxis, there remains a paucity of data on the efficacy of neuromodulation interventions for treatment of headache unresponsive to conventional pharmacologic therapy. The primary aim of this review was to appraise the literature for the efficacy of cervical spinal cord stimulation (cSCS) in treating any intractable chronic headache, including migraine headaches (with or without aura), cluster headache, tension headache, and other types of headaches. ⋯ Our review suggests promising data from observational studies that cSCS may be helpful in decreasing frequency and intensity of chronic intractable headache. Future well-powered, randomized controlled trials are needed.
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Falls in extrapyramidal disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease (PD), multisystem atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), are key milestones affecting patients' quality of life, incurring increased morbidity/mortality and high healthcare costs. Unfortunately, gait and balance in parkinsonisms respond poorly to currently available treatments. A serendipitous observation of improved gait and balance in patients with PD receiving spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for back pain kindled an interest in using SCS to treat gait disorders in parkinsonisms. ⋯ The lack of blind and statistically powered studies, the heterogeneity in patient selection and study outcomes, and the poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action of SCS are some of the limiting factors in the field. Addressing these limitations will allow us to draw more reliable conclusions on the effects of SCS on gait and balance in extrapyramidal disorders.
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Observational Study
Long-Term Outcome in Patients With Spinal Cord Stimulation for Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A 20-Year Audit of a Single Center.
This is a retrospective, observational study. ⋯ A successful long-term outcome regarding pain relief in patients with predominant radicular pain due to FBSS is established with SCS therapy.
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Burst spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has shown superior relief from overall pain and a reduction in back and leg pain compared with traditional tonic neurostimulation therapies. However, nearly 80% of patients have two or more noncontiguous pain areas. This can provide challenges in effectively programming stimulation and long-term therapy efficacy. Multiarea DeRidder Burst programming is a new option to treat multisite pain by delivering stimulation to multiple areas along the spinal cord. This study aimed to identify the effect of intraburst frequency, multiarea stimulation, and location of DeRidder Burst on the evoked electromyography (EMG) responses. ⋯ Across all patients, multisite DeRidder Burst provided broader myotomal coverage than did traditional DeRidder Burst. Multisite DeRidder Burst stimulation provided focal recruitment and differential control of noncontiguous distal myotomes. Energy requirements were also lower when multisite DeRidder Burst was used.