Regional anesthesia and pain medicine
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Mar 2002
Distribution of solution in the epidural space: examination by cryomicrotome section.
The routes of distribution and barriers to flow of solutions in the epidural space are incompletely determined. This study examined macroscopic details of epidural injectate spread in postmortem humans by cryomicrotome imaging. ⋯ Distribution of solution in the epidural space is nonuniform. Rather than a uniform advancing front, spread is directed among paths between structures according to pressures by which they are compressed. No structural barriers block flow through the intervertebral foramina or spinal canal other than the fascia of the posterior longitudinal ligament.
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Personal digital assistants (PDAs) are being used more frequently by anesthesiologists. PDAs are pocket-sized electronic devices that, at their most basic level, store information. ⋯ More advanced features are increasingly common and blur the distinction between PDAs and personal computers (PCs). This article reviews the main options for PDAs, purchasing tips, and software applications, especially as they apply to anesthesiologists.