Regional anesthesia and pain medicine
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Mar 2004
Thoracic epidural catheter insertion using the caudal approach assisted with an electrical nerve stimulator in young children.
We evaluated whether thoracic epidural catheter placement using the caudal approach and assisted with an electrical stimulator could be performed in young children. ⋯ Electrical stimulation reliably indicated the location of the catheter tip. This technique for thoracic epidural catheter insertion was easy to perform and could be used in young children.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Mar 2004
At the cords, the pinkie towards: Interpreting infraclavicular motor responses to neurostimulation.
Identification of elicited muscle twitches while performing infraclavicular block of the brachial plexus is often confusing but is critical for success of the block. An easily defined endpoint when evaluating these motor responses to neurostimulation is essential, as it is necessary to block the appropriate cord or cords. ⋯ If the arm is positioned in the anatomical position, the 5th digit (pinkie) moves laterally (pronation of the forearm) when the lateral cord is stimulated, posteriorly (extension) when the posterior cord is stimulated, and medially (flexion) when the medial cord is stimulated. The pinkie thus moves "toward" the cord that is stimulated.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Mar 2004
Biography Historical Article Classical ArticlePostdural puncture headache and the development of the epidural blood patch.