Regional anesthesia and pain medicine
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · May 2009
Evaluation of the longus colli muscle in relation to stellate ganglion block.
The longus colli (LC) muscle is an important structure of the anterior cervical spine and has a critical role in stellate ganglion block. This technique involves withdrawing the needle to locate its port for injection above the anterior surface of the LC muscle; however, its exact thickness at the C5, C6, and C7 levels has not been measured. The aim of this anatomic and magnetic resonance-supported study was to evaluate the thickness of the LC muscle at these levels from the anterior tubercle of each vertebra toward the vertebral body at 5-, 10-, and 15-mm distances to provide precise anatomic data for stellate ganglion block. ⋯ We found a highly variable thickness of the LC muscle in anatomic and imaging studies, which may lead to negative block results.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · May 2009
Comparative StudySpinal procaine is less neurotoxic than mepivacaine, prilocaine and bupivacaine in rats.
Lidocaine has been reported to be more neurotoxic than other local anesthetics. Alternatives to lidocaine with lower toxicity and shorter duration of action are desirable. Therefore, we compared the histologic and functional changes induced by intrathecal injection of prilocaine, mepivacaine, procaine, and bupivacaine in rats. ⋯ In this animal model, the neurotoxicity of intrathecal procaine was the mildest, and the recovery time to ambulation with procaine was the fastest among the 4 tested anesthetics.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · May 2009
Comment Letter Case ReportsImmediate lipid emulsion therapy in the successful treatment of bupivacaine systemic toxicity.