Regional anesthesia and pain medicine
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Sep 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialUltrasound-guided nerve block for inguinal hernia repair: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study.
Open inguinal hernia repair in adults is considered a minor surgical procedure but can be associated with significant pain. We aimed to evaluate acute postoperative pain management in male adults randomized to receive an ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block administered before surgery, in addition to a standard analgesic regimen. ⋯ Ultrasound-guided blocks of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves resulted in a statistically significant and clinically relevant reduction in postoperative pain in the PACU both at mobilization and at rest.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Sep 2012
Incidence of local anesthetic systemic toxicity and postoperative neurologic symptoms associated with 12,668 ultrasound-guided nerve blocks: an analysis from a prospective clinical registry.
There are varying reports on the incidence of major morbidity associated with peripheral regional anesthesia. Our objective was to contribute to the knowledge regarding the incidence of local anesthetic systemic toxicity and postoperative neurologic symptoms in the setting of ultrasound-guided peripheral regional anesthesia. ⋯ In the setting of a surgical procedure, ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia is associated with the risk of long-term postoperative neurologic symptoms. Local anesthetic systemic toxicity, however, is extremely uncommon.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Sep 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of transversus abdominis plane block with and without clonidine on post-cesarean delivery wound hyperalgesia and pain.
The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is an established technique to manage post-cesarean delivery pain. Transversus abdominis plane blocks with a local anesthetic only offer no analgesic benefits compared with intrathecal morphine. Adjuvants to extend TAP block duration and possibly reduce wound hyperalgesia, known to be a risk factor for chronic pain, have not been studied. We hypothesized that a TAP block with clonidine will affect postsurgical wound hyperalgesia and improve pain outcomes. ⋯ Adding clonidine to a TAP block with bupivacaine did not affect wound hyperalgesia index and it did not improve short-term or long-term pain scores in women undergoing elective cesarean delivery. Further studies are warranted to determine the benefits of antihyperalgesic adjuvants in TAP solutions for specific individuals at risk for chronic pain.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Sep 2012
ReviewRegional anesthesia and analgesia in critically ill patients: a systematic review.
Regional anesthesia has become invaluable for the treatment of pain during and after a wide range of surgical procedures. However, its benefits in the nonsurgical setting have been less well studied. ⋯ Patients in the critical care unit present special challenges to the regional anesthesiologist, including coagulopathies, infections, immunocompromised states, sedation- and ventilation-associated problems, and factors potentially increasing the risk for systemic toxicity. This review is intended to evaluate the role of regional anesthesia in critically ill patients, to discuss potential benefits, and to provide a summary of the published evidence on the subject.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Sep 2012
Duration and local toxicity of sciatic nerve blockade with coinjected site 1 sodium-channel blockers and quaternary lidocaine derivatives.
Quaternary lidocaine derivatives (QLDs) have recently received much attention because of their potential application in prolonged or sensory-selective local anesthesia. However, associated tissue toxicity is an impeding factor that makes QLDs unfavorable for clinical use. Based on the proposed intracellular site of action, we hypothesized that nerve blocks obtained from lower concentrations of QLDs would be enhanced by the coapplication of extracellularly acting site 1 sodium-channel blocker, resulting in prolonged block duration but with minimal tissue toxicity. ⋯ Coadministration of site 1 sodium-channel blockers and QLDs greatly prolongs the duration of peripheral nerve block without enhancing local tissue injury, but minimal myotoxicity still persists. It is not clear that the risks of QLDs are outweighed by the benefits in providing prolonged nerve blockade.