Regional anesthesia and pain medicine
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Nov 2002
ReviewCardiac toxicity of local anesthetics in the intact isolated heart model: a review.
An editorial in 1979 by George Albright about sudden cardiac arrest after regional anesthesia spawned an era of intense research focusing on what local anesthetics do to the heart and how they do it. The ultimate goal of the research was to bring to the clinician long-acting local anesthetics that are less cardiotoxic than ones available before 1979, bupivacaine and etidocaine, in particular. In this article, I will review results of studies of local anesthetic cardiotoxicity using the intact mammalian heart in vitro published after the Albright editorial through 2001.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Nov 2002
Assessment of lower extremity nerve block: reprise of the Four P's acronym.
Successful performance of lower-extremity regional anesthesia includes sensory and/or motor block assessment of up to 4 major peripheral nerves. This brief report describes a methodology for the rapid evaluation of lower-extremity anesthesia before surgical incision. ⋯ Accurate assessment of lower-extremity regional anesthesia can be achieved rapidly using The Four Ps evaluation tool.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Nov 2002
Review Historical ArticleTransient neurologic symptoms: etiology, risk factors, and management.