Urologic oncology
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Despite recent advances in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa), metastatic castrate-resistant PCa remains incurable at this time. The androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in the development and progression of PCa, continuing to be active in most patients even after the development of castration resistance. ⋯ We also review therapies targeting each of these mechanisms. We also discuss the potential role of AR-CAG repeats and AR splice variants as potential biomarkers of response to hormonal manipulation therapies.