Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
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The WHO emphasizes the importance of taking area-level factors into account when formulating public health interventions. The aim of this systematic review was to identify which area-level factors are associated with children's dental caries in Europe and might therefore be a suitable starting point for public health interventions. We conducted a systematic review based on a search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library including all European studies on caries in children and their area-level factors published since the year 2000 in English or German. ⋯ For the other determinants, the included studies found no association. Many studies reported associations between place of residence and children's dental caries, but the mediators on this causal path are still not clearly established. The area-level factors analyzed in this review seem to play a role, but more studies with designs that allow causal interpretation of findings are needed to establish solid robust evidence that can be used in the formulation of future health policies.
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The USA has some of the highest utilization rates of the Emergency Department (ED) worldwide, leading to increased healthcare costs, constrained resources, and fragmented care. Many of the highest ED utilizers are persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) and those with mental health conditions, with even higher use by those with comorbid social challenges. This study reviewed the literature assessing interventional approaches in the ED to minimize the burden of ED utilization by PEH with associated mental health conditions. ⋯ Comparison of these studies reveals that the success of related strategies like housing support often have different outcomes which can be attributed to the differences between the populations studied, previously available community resources, and other psychosocial factors affecting study participants. Overall, the most successful studies found that a tailored approach that addresses the unique needs of participants had the greatest impact on reducing ED visits and hospitalizations. Further research is needed to determine the best strategies for specific populations and how to promote health equity among PEH with associated mental health conditions.
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Many aging mid-twentieth-century social housing developments worldwide are set to undergo major redevelopment, aiming to improve residents' living conditions. Nevertheless, the associated processes, particularly the challenges of relocation during the demolition and reconstruction phase, can significantly disrupt communities and social networks. Understanding the multifaceted impacts of social housing redevelopment projects is crucial to inform planning, design, and consultation for these projects. ⋯ While improved physical infrastructure provides opportunities for better health outcomes, the disruption and lack of control during the relocation process may cause significant adverse health impacts. Moreover, the different phases during the redevelopment process expose different subgroups to varying risks. Based on these findings, we recommend that social housing redevelopment initiatives prioritize engaging and empowering residents to have better control in decision-making throughout all phases of the redevelopment.
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The USA has some of the highest utilization rates of the Emergency Department (ED) worldwide, leading to increased healthcare costs, constrained resources, and fragmented care. Many of the highest ED utilizers are persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) and those with mental health conditions, with even higher use by those with comorbid social challenges. This study reviewed the literature assessing interventional approaches in the ED to minimize the burden of ED utilization by PEH with associated mental health conditions. ⋯ Comparison of these studies reveals that the success of related strategies like housing support often have different outcomes which can be attributed to the differences between the populations studied, previously available community resources, and other psychosocial factors affecting study participants. Overall, the most successful studies found that a tailored approach that addresses the unique needs of participants had the greatest impact on reducing ED visits and hospitalizations. Further research is needed to determine the best strategies for specific populations and how to promote health equity among PEH with associated mental health conditions.
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The USA has some of the highest utilization rates of the Emergency Department (ED) worldwide, leading to increased healthcare costs, constrained resources, and fragmented care. Many of the highest ED utilizers are persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) and those with mental health conditions, with even higher use by those with comorbid social challenges. This study reviewed the literature assessing interventional approaches in the ED to minimize the burden of ED utilization by PEH with associated mental health conditions. ⋯ Comparison of these studies reveals that the success of related strategies like housing support often have different outcomes which can be attributed to the differences between the populations studied, previously available community resources, and other psychosocial factors affecting study participants. Overall, the most successful studies found that a tailored approach that addresses the unique needs of participants had the greatest impact on reducing ED visits and hospitalizations. Further research is needed to determine the best strategies for specific populations and how to promote health equity among PEH with associated mental health conditions.