Drugs
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Efficacy and safety of budesonide and formoterol in one pressurized metered-dose inhaler in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results of a 6-month randomized clinical trial.
The combination of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and a long-acting bronchodilator is recommended in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who have frequent exacerbations. Budesonide/formoterol dry powder inhaler (DPI) has demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in patients with COPD. ⋯ Budesonide/formoterol pMDI 320/9 microg demonstrated significantly greater efficacy for pulmonary function on both co-primary endpoints versus the pre-specified comparators (formoterol DPI 9 microg for pre-dose FEV(1) and budesonide pMDI 320 microg for 1-hour post-dose FEV(1)). Budesonide/formoterol pMDI 160/9 microg demonstrated significantly greater efficacy for 1-hour post-dose FEV(1) versus budesonide pMDI 320 microg. Dyspnoea scores and HR-QOL were significantly improved with both budesonide/formoterol pMDI dosage strengths versus both monocomponents and placebo. Both budesonide/formoterol pMDI dosage strengths were well tolerated relative to the monocomponents and placebo.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Antianginal efficacy and safety of ivabradine compared with amlodipine in patients with stable effort angina pectoris: a 3-month randomised, double-blind, multicentre, noninferiority trial.
Current medical therapies for the symptoms of angina pectoris aim to improve oxygen supply and reduce oxygen demand in the myocardium. Not all patients respond to current antianginal monotherapy, or even combination therapy, and a new class of antianginal drug that complements existing therapies would be useful. This study was undertaken to compare the antianginal and anti-ischaemic effects of the novel heart-rate-lowering agent ivabradine and of the calcium channel antagonist amlodipine. ⋯ In patients with stable angina, ivabradine has comparable efficacy to amlodipine in improving exercise tolerance, a superior effect on the reduction of rate-pressure product (a surrogate marker of myocardial oxygen consumption) and similar safety.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Efficacy and safety of budesonide and formoterol in one pressurised metered-dose inhaler in adults and adolescents with moderate to severe asthma: a randomised clinical trial.
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are the preferred maintenance therapy for adults and children with mild, moderate and severe persistent asthma, with the addition of a long-acting beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist to ICS therapy recommended for patients with moderate or severe persistent asthma. The efficacy and safety of the combination of budesonide and formoterol delivered via dry powder inhaler (DPI) is well documented. ⋯ In this population, twice-daily budesonide/formoterol pMDI provides asthma control significantly greater than the monocomponents or placebo and comparable with budesonide pMDI + formoterol DPI. Safety profiles were similar for all treatments.
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Palonosetron is a potent and highly selective serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist that has been evaluated for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. black triangle Intravenously administered palonosetron has a linear pharmacokinetic profile, with a long terminal elimination half-life ( approximate, equals 40 hours) and moderate (62%) plasma protein binding. In two randomised, double-blind trials in 1132 cancer patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, intravenous palonosetron 0.25 mg was more effective than intravenous ondansetron 32 mg in producing a complete response (no emesis, no use of rescue medication) during acute (0-24 hours) or delayed (24-120 hours) phases, and similar to intravenous dolasetron 100 mg in acute, but more effective in delayed phase. ⋯ Intravenous palonosetron was generally well tolerated in clinical trials, with few adverse events being treatment related. Palonosetron had no significant effect on the corrected QT interval or laboratory parameters.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial--Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial.
The lowering of cholesterol concentrations in individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease improves outcome. No study, however, has assessed benefits of cholesterol lowering in the primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in hypertensive patients who are not conventionally deemed dyslipidaemic. ⋯ The reductions in major cardiovascular events with atorvastatin are large, given the short follow-up time. These findings may have implications for future lipid-lowering guidelines.