Diseases of the colon and rectum
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Review Case Reports
Mesenteric phlebosclerosis: a new disease entity causing ischemic colitis.
Nonthrombotic stenosis or occlusion of the mesenteric veins is a rare cause of intestinal ischemia. The aim of this study was to describe a new disease entity causing chronic ischemic colitis. ⋯ These peculiar lesions have not previously been fully described. The cause and pathogenesis still remain unknown. We conclude that such lesions represent a new clinicopathologic disease entity and propose the term "idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis."
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The operation of choice for acutely obstructed carcinoma of the left colon is controversial. The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of its management by emergency subtotal/total colectomy with immediate anastomosis without diversion. ⋯ Emergency subtotal colectomy achieves in one stage relief of bowel obstruction and tumor resection by encompassing a massively distended and fecal-loaded colon with ischemic lesions and serosal tears on the cecum, ensures restoration of gut contiguity via a "safe" ileocolonic anastomosis, and removes occasional lesions proximal to the index cancer. It is a safe procedure given that operative mortality rates are as low as with elective surgery.
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increase in colon and rectal carcinoma. Immunosuppression after transplantation increases the incidence of certain types of tumors. ⋯ There is a subset of transplant patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and IBD who rapidly develop colorectal neoplasms. Frequent surveillance is recommended for IBD patients in the post-transplant period.
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Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is a condition in which submucosal or subserosal gas cysts are found in the wall of the small or large bowel. Both fulminant and benign forms exist. ⋯ A review of the literature is presented with emphasis on the etiology of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, which probably can be attributed to bacterial and mechanical factors. Diagnosis and different forms of therapy and their efficacy are also discussed.