J Toxicol Env Heal A
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J Toxicol Env Heal A · Nov 2007
Pediatric montelukast ingestions reported to Texas poison control centers, 2000-2005.
Limited information exists on the toxicity of pediatric ingestions of the drug montelukast used in the treatment of chronic asthma. All ingestions of montelukast involving children age 0-5 yr reported to Texas poison control centers during 2000-2005 were retrieved. For a subset of cases where the final medical outcome and dose in milligrams or milligrams per kilogram were known, the pattern of exposures by final medical outcome and management site was evaluated. ⋯ The proportion of cases with a minor effect increased from 5% for ingested dose of < or = 100 mg to 10% for > 100 mg but was 5% for dose < or = 5 mg/kg and > 5 mg/kg. The proportion of cases managed with health care facility involvement increased from 15% for ingested dose of < or = 100 mg to 56% for > 100 mg and rose from 10% for dose < or = 5 mg/kg to 47% for dose > 5 mg/kg. Pediatric montelukast ingestions of doses up to 536 mg or 33.71 mg/kg do not appear likely to result in serious adverse effects and usually can be managed at home.
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J Toxicol Env Heal A · Nov 2007
Contaminated soils (I): In vitro dermal absorption of benzo[a]pyrene in human skin.
Dermal absorption of the lipophile and potential carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in soils from contaminated sites was simulated in vitro using human skin exposed to 14C-BaP-spiked soil. This study is the first in a series of tests at Health Canada with several soil contaminants spanning a wide range of lipophilicity conducted with viable human skin. Breast skin was obtained fresh from a local hospital and dermatomed to a thickness of 0.4-0.5 mm. ⋯ Including the 42-h depots there was 16 and 50% absorption with and without soil, respectively, with respective depots of 7 and 39%. As there was no significant difference between the 24- and 42-h depots both with and without soil, the data suggest the depot for BaP was not bioavailable for at least the additional 18-h post soap wash exposure. The bioavailability of BaP is discussed in relation to previous in vitro and in vivo studies in perspective with dermal exposure to contaminated soils.