Indian J Med Res
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There is a growing burden of lung cancer cases in India, incidence projected to increase from 63,708 cases (2015) to 81,219 cases (2025). The increasing numbers are attributed to smoking (India currently has nearly 100 million adult smokers) and environmental pollution. Most patients present with advanced disease (80-85% are incurable), causing nearly 60,000 annual deaths from lung cancer. ⋯ Developing this model over the next several years will facilitate a structured cancer screening programme for populations at the highest risk of lung cancer. In this paper, we discuss the demographics of lung cancer in India and its relation to smoking patterns. Further, we elaborate on the potential applications and challenges of bringing a smart approach to LCS in high-risk populations in India.
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Background & objectives Cervical cancer (CC) has been documented as the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Persistent infections with high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) have been suggested in the development of CC. Although prophylactic vaccines are available for the prevention of prevalent hr-HPV types, intra-type variations exist within a particular HPV type that has varying oncogenic potential as well as the mechanism of pathogenicity and varying neutralization by antibodies. ⋯ Interpretation & conclusions The distribution of lineages varied with the different genomic regions sequenced. Additionally, there were certain unique and common variations in the HPV genome with respect to geographical regions. Hence, we suggest the identification of region-specific variations for the development of diagnostic and prognostic interventions.
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Background & objectives Cervical cancer (CC) has been documented as the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Persistent infections with high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) have been suggested in the development of CC. Although prophylactic vaccines are available for the prevention of prevalent hr-HPV types, intra-type variations exist within a particular HPV type that has varying oncogenic potential as well as the mechanism of pathogenicity and varying neutralization by antibodies. ⋯ Interpretation & conclusions The distribution of lineages varied with the different genomic regions sequenced. Additionally, there were certain unique and common variations in the HPV genome with respect to geographical regions. Hence, we suggest the identification of region-specific variations for the development of diagnostic and prognostic interventions.
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Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe infections in immunocompromised individuals. It is a common contaminant of medical drugs, solutions and devices used in healthcare setups. This scoping review aimed to assess Bcc outbreaks in Indian hospital settings and address a wide range of sources to improve outbreak management. ⋯ Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was employed to study clonality among isolates in six outbreaks. This review highlights that varied medical products and environmental surfaces/objects can harbour Bcc and act as potential sources of Bcc outbreaks in hospitals. Ensuring immediate identification of Bcc from clinical samples, regular sterility checks, thorough epidemiological investigations, and timely infection control and prevention measures are critical to help manage and prevent these outbreaks and the subsequent mortality.