Indian J Med Res
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Review Meta Analysis
Efficacy of leprosy vaccines across the globe: A systematic review & meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Background & objectives Although multi-drug therapy has decreased the burden of disease, leprosy is yet to be eliminated. Accelerating progress requires optimal use of existing tools, advanced diagnostic tests, newer drugs, and vaccines. The search for a vaccine with therapeutic and preventive potential is ongoing, but evidence on effectiveness and safety is lacking. ⋯ In subgroup analysis among the eight prophylactic vaccine studies, pooled relative risk was found to be 0.61 (95% CI: 0.41 - 0.91). Interpretation & conclusions The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that both prophylactic and therapeutic leprosy vaccines were significantly better compared to the placebo. Leprosy vaccine in the form of Mw/Mycobacterium welchii/MIP along with combination of World Health Organization (WHO) multi-drug therapy (MDT) or Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine along with second line treatment with rifampicin were found to be protective among the recipients.
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Review Meta Analysis
Burden of hepatitis B in asymptomatic blood donor population of India: A systematic review & meta-analysis.
Background & objectives India has been classified as an intermediate Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) endemic country, and the transmission is believed to mostly occur horizontally. However, community-based data on HBV prevalence among blood donors in India are limited. The burden of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is unknown in the asymptomatic blood donor population. ⋯ The included studies exhibited a high level of heterogeneity, probably due to different diagnostic approaches followed in different studies. Interpretation & conclusions The burden of hepatitis is profound, impacting public health, economies, and societies in India. The outcome of this study would help address such a burden and develop comprehensive strategies focused on prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and necessary collaboration to achieve significant reductions in hepatitis-related morbidity and mortality.
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Review Meta Analysis
Malnutrition in tribal people living with tuberculosis in India: A systematic review & meta-analysis.
Background & objectives Tuberculosis (TB) remains a persistent public health challenge in India. The country also has high proportions of malnutrition in different areas, making the population susceptible to TB. Among vulnerable populations, such as tribal communities, TB and malnutrition pose significant threats. ⋯ This situation is exacerbated among the tribal communities in India due to the dual burdens of undernutrition and TB being more pronounced. Our systematic review consolidates evidence from five studies, revealing the prevalence of malnutrition among tribal TB patients. Conducting well-planned implementation research to address this dual burden among the underprivileged population would help achieve the ambitious goal of a TB-free India 2025.
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Review Meta Analysis
AGT, CYP11B2 & ADRB2 gene polymorphism & essential hypertension (HT): A meta-analysis.
Background & objectives The results of the genetic association studies between the selected candidate genes and hypertension (HT) contradicted across different populations. Majority of the meta-analyses carried out did not consider population genetic ancestry as a confounding factor. Therefore, this meta-analysis attempted to consolidate and re-evaluate the findings of the association between the selected candidate variants (AGT-rs699, CYP11B2-rs1799998, ADRB2-rs1042713 and rs1042714) and HT, by categorizing the genotyping data based on known genetic ancestry, and/or major geographical populations. ⋯ ADRB2-rs1042713-G was significantly associated with HT in east Asians for (i) allele (P=0.01, OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05-1.51), and (ii) recessive mode of inheritance (P=0.04, OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.01-1.83). Interpretation & conclusions Different genotype and allele frequencies in diverse populations result in different genetic associations with HT across populations. This meta-analysis finding provides an update and summary of the genetic association between the selected simple nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and HT across different populations and essential insights into selecting appropriate pharmacogenetic marker(s) for effective HT management in populations of different ancestries.
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Review Meta Analysis
Pooled prevalence of hypothyroidism among Indian females with infertility: A systematic review & meta-analysis.
Background & objectives Studies suggest hypothyroidism is responsible for female infertility. This review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of hypothyroidism in Indian infertile women so that hypothyroidism screening can be initiated, and policies are designed for prevalence reduction. Methods Electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane library were searched to obtain the relevant articles. ⋯ The pooled prevalence of hypothyroidism in women with infertility was 28 per cent [95% confidence interval (CI): 20% to 36%] which was highest in Telangana at 62 per cent (n=1; 95% CI 48% to 74%) and lowest in Karnataka at 14 per cent (n=2; 95% CI: 10% to 18%). Interpretation & conclusions Infertile women have high proportion of hypothyroidism, suggesting that screening programmes during diagnostic workup for infertility may provide optimal care. The result of this meta-analysis will help design guidelines and earmark highest prevalence regions to initiate preventive and diagnostic measures for prevalence reduction in future.