J Emerg Med
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Post-menopausal women are at significant risk for coronary artery disease, have increased rates of depression compared to their male counterparts, and often present atypically with coronary insufficiency. The symptoms of depression and coronary ischemia overlap greatly. Complaints like fatigue, body aches, and sleep disturbance reported by a depressed elderly woman may be cardiac related and need to be investigated seriously without physician bias. ⋯ For years there have been gender differences in medical treatment of coronary artery disease, and often women's complaints are not investigated aggressively. Post-menopausal women are at great risk for cardiac ischemia and depression, and their symptoms, which are often atypical, may not be diagnosed as anginal equivalents. In addition, depression is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and, if it occurs after myocardial infarction, may lead to poor quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality. Patients who have had a coronary event must be thoroughly evaluated for signs of depression and receive the necessary treatment.
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Emergency Medicine (EM) is a resuscitative discipline where the major focus in teaching and practice is to rapidly diagnose, stabilize, and initiate curative therapy. Thus, it may seem counterintuitive to have Hospice and Palliative Medicine (HPM), a specialty often perceived as a last resort measure "when no more can be done" for the patient, included as the latest subspecialty of EM. ⋯ In this article we explore the background of HPM; outline the principles and core skills of HPM that are applicable to the daily practice of EM; and explore the pathway, now available, towards a subspecialty certification.
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Communication is considered a core competency for physicians. However, the Emergency Department setting poses significant and unique communication challenges. ⋯ The majority of respondents are not utilizing communication techniques, despite their own beliefs that the techniques are effective and easy to implement in the Emergency Department. Additional research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these techniques and relevant barriers to their use.
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Agitated patients are the primary source of injury to patients and providers during ambulance transport. ⋯ If available, CR is used in about 20% of restrained patients. When CR is used, there is a decrease in the subject's agitation.