Journal of cellular physiology
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Collagenase-3 (matrix metalloproteinase, MMP-13) plays an important role in the degradation of cartilage in pathologic conditions. MMP-13 is elevated in joint tissues in both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). In addition, inflammation-stimulated synovial fibroblasts are able to release MMP-13 and other cytokines in these diseases. ⋯ Ciglitazone also inhibits TNF-α-induced MMP-13 expression by suppressing NF-κB activation mainly via the modulation of p38-MAPK. Collectively, our data demonstrate that 15d-PGJ2 and ciglitazone attenuated TNF-α-induced MMP-13 expression in synovial fibroblasts primarily through the modulation of NF-κB signaling pathways. These compounds may have therapeutic application in inflammatory arthritis.
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Females report temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain more than men and studies suggest estrogen modulates this pain response. Our goal in this study was to determine genes that are modulated by physiological levels of 17β-estradiol that could have a role in TMJ pain. To complete this goal, saline or complete Freund's adjuvant was injected in the TMJ when plasma 17β-estradiol was low or when it was at a high proestrus level. ⋯ Estrogen receptors α and β are present in neurons of the trigeminal ganglia, whereby 17β-estradiol can alter expression of Gabrα6 and Glrα2. Also, estrogen receptor α (ERα) but not ERβ was observed in satellite glial cells of the trigeminal ganglia. These results demonstrate that genes associated with neurogenic inflammation or neuronal excitability were altered by changes in the concentration of 17β-estradiol.