Thorac Cancer
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This study investigated the expression and biological function of JAB1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). ⋯ In this study, we found that JAB1 was highly overexpressed in cancer tissues, which could influence the malignant behavior of ESCC cells, and was significantly associated with poor prognosis of ESCC patients.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor: A retrospective multicenter study of its real-world efficacy and safety in advanced/recurrent non-small cell lung carcinoma.
Osimertinib is recommended for T790M mutation-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resistant to first- and second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Recently, some reports exist on the real-world use of osimertinib; however, reports involving third/later-line use are few. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of osimertinib used in various treatment lines for T790M-positive NSCLC patients. ⋯ Significant findings of the study Osimertinib shows efficacy even as later-line treatment in T790M mutation-positive NSCLC patients previously treated with EGFR-TKIs. However, the incidence of ≥ grade 3 adverse events, especially pneumonitis, was higher than that previously reported by other studies. What this study adds Osimertinib was approved for previously EGFR-TKI-treated EGFR T790M-positive NSCLC. With the increasing frequency of its use as first-line treatment, this study provides valuable evidence for the efficacy and safety of osimertinib for previously EGFR-TKI-treated NSCLC.
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Previous studies have identified that patients with EGFR mutations tend to have better responses to targeted therapy, as well as chemotherapy; however, the effect of genetic alterations in terms of radiotherapy (RT)-related outcomes has not been fully assessed. We studied the impact of common non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) genetic alterations (EGFR, ALK and KRAS) in relation to objective response rate (ORR) to RT in patients with brain metastases. ⋯ This study addressed for the first time the difference in radiotherapy-related outcomes in patients with different genotypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before they received systemic therapy. Results show that response to radiotherapy varies as per tumor molecular status, particularly EGFR-mutated tumors, have a favorable response to radiotherapy, contrary to KRAS-mutated tumors.
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Case Reports
Long-term response with durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy for pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma: A case report.
Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is a non-small-cell lung cancer, resistant to chemotherapy and no standard therapy has as yet been established. We herein report the case of a 59-year-old man with PPC who showed a long-term response with durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy. He was referred to our hospital with a mass shadow at the right upper lung. ⋯ This case suggests that a long-term response can be achieved with durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy for stage III inoperable PPC showing high PD-L1 expression. KEY POINTS: Significant findings of the report A long-term response might be achieved with durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in patients with stage III inoperable pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma showing high expression of programmed death-ligand What this study adds It is possible to continue durvalumab treatment for one year without any severe adverse events. Although pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma is considered to have a poor prognosis, the combination therapy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy may be an effective treatment option.
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We aimed to assess if quantitative radiomic features can predict programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in advanced stage lung adenocarcinoma. ⋯ Significant findings of the study Quantitative CT radiomic features can help predict PD-L1 expression, whereas none of the qualitative imaging findings is associated with PD-L1 positivity. What this study adds A prediction model composed of clinical variables and CT radiomic features may facilitate noninvasive assessment of PD-L1 expression.