Aviat Space Envir Md
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As we move into the next Millennium, increasing numbers of people will travel into space. Psychological screening methods will be relaxed on near-Earth missions, such as might occur on a space station or a lunar colony. Crewmembers on interplanetary missions such as a trip to Mars will have to deal with psychiatric problems themselves with no possibility of evacuating an affected individual. For these reasons, it is important for support personnel on Earth and crewmembers in space to be knowledgeable about psychiatric difficulties that might occur and their appropriate treatments. ⋯ Although much is known about psychiatric issues related to long duration manned space travel, more empirical work needs to be done during actual space missions.
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Aviat Space Envir Md · Dec 1998
Flight coverall microclimate evaluation using a Japanese type sweating mannequin.
It is important to examine the microclimate of a pilot's clothing to evaluate the heat stress the clothing imparts on a pilot, but problems arise with regard to individual variation (phenotype of the pilot, sweating dose, wear condition of the flight coveralls, etc.). ⋯ TOM-III may be useful for microclimate evaluation and/or the development of clothing without considering individual variation against various climatic conditions.
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Causes of long term disability (LTD) were collected between January 1, 1981 and December 31, 1990 among all active pilots in a cohort of Air Canada pilots. During this 10-yr period, 474 (20.9%) of the 2271 pilots had LTD; there were 1107 cases of LTD corresponding to a total duration of leave of absence of 4161 mo. ⋯ LTD rates increased with age, ranging from 1.86-9.22 per 1000 pilots per year from the younger (20-29 yr) to the older age group (50-59 yr), respectively. Several causes of LTD could be potentially preventable, in particular injuries which accounted for 63.6% of all causes in the younger age group and remained a significant condition at subsequent ages.