J Neurosurg Sci
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Review
Intra-arterial thrombolysis and thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: technique and results.
Endovascular intraarterial (IA) strategies have emerged as important treatment options for patients with acute ischemic stroke who are ineligible for intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or in whom such therapy has failed. The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of percutaneous IA endovascular techniques aimed at revascularization in the setting of acute ischemic stroke from IA thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, and primary intracranial stenting to retrievable-stent technology. For each modality, we focus on the existing clinical data, including our institutional experience and techniques.
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Extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass remains an important revascularization technique for management of complex cerebrovascular disease. Despite evolving endovascular techniques, the role of bypass for the purpose of flow replacement prior to planned vessel sacrifice remains relevant for treatment of complex and fusiform aneurysms. The role of bypass for purposes of flow augmentation in the setting of cerebral ischemia is limited based on current data, but remains an important option for selected cases of athero-occlusive disease, in addition to a primary treatment for symptomatic moyamoya disease. An objective flow-based approach to EC-IC bypass can enhance decision-making in preoperative patient selection, intraoperative graft assessment, and postoperative follow-up.