World Neurosurg
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This prospective study was undertaken to investigate the value of early S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in prognosticating outcome in patients with poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and to develop a statistical model and cutoff values for clinical practice. ⋯ S100B and NSE measured during the first 3 days after hemorrhage showed, separately and combined, a significant predictive value in prognosticating clinical outcome in patients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage. A multicenter study with a large patient cohort is necessary to validate the above-mentioned cutoff values for clinical practice.
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Observational Study
The Effects of Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Functional Outcome after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
The optimal red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) trigger for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is unknown. In patients with cerebral vasospasm, anemia may increase susceptibility to ischemic injury; conversely, RBCT may worsen outcome given known deleterious effects. ⋯ Blood transfusions are associated with unfavorable outcome after SAH particularly when DCI is absent. Propensity analysis suggests that RBCT may be associated with poor outcome rather than being a marker of disease severity. However, when DCI is present, RBCT may help improve outcome.
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Perimesencephalic hemorrhage (PMH) is a type of subarachnoid hemorrhage with excellent long-term outcomes. Only 1 well-documented case of in-hospital rebleeding after PMH is described in the literature, which occurred after initiating antithrombotic treatment because of myocardial ischemia. We describe a patient with PMH without antithrombotic treatment who had 2 episodes of recurrent bleeding on the day of ictus. To validate the radiologic findings, we conducted a case-control study. Six neuroradiologists and 2 neuroradiology fellows performed a blinded assessment of serial unenhanced head computed tomography (CT) scans of 8 patients with a perimesencephalic bleeding pattern (1 index patient, 6 patients with PMH, 1 patient with perimesencephalic bleeding pattern and basilar artery aneurysm) to investigate a potential increase in amount of subarachnoid blood. ⋯ Recurrent bleeding after PMH may also occur in patients not treated with antithrombotics. Even after early rebleeding, the prognosis of PMH is excellent.
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Stereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) imaging is increasingly used in the teaching of neuroanatomy and although this is mainly aimed at undergraduate medical students, it has enormous potential for enhancing the training of neurosurgeons. This study aims to assess whether 3D lecturing is an effective method of enhancing the knowledge and confidence of neurosurgeons and how it compares with traditional two-dimensional (2D) lecturing and cadaveric training. ⋯ Stereoscopic 3D lectures provide neurosurgical trainees with greater confidence for performing standard operative approaches and enhances the benefit of subsequent practical experience in developing technical skills in cadaveric dissection.
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To compare 2 craniotomy approaches (unilateral and bilateral) in terms of anatomic and clinical parameters and surgical outcomes. ⋯ Bilateral mini-craniotomy for the treatment of bilateral MCA aneurysms was associated with better surgical outcomes and fewer complications. Bilateral mini-craniotomy does not require as much retraction of the frontal lobe to apply a clip completely at the contralateral aneurysm. Therefore, it represents a safe and effective therapeutic option for unruptured bilateral MCA aneurysms.